TRI-OLOGY, Vol. 39, No. 5
Nancy C. Coile, Ph. D., Managing Editor
SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 2000
Wayne N. Dixon, Ph. D., Editor
| Botany Section | Entomology Section | Nematology Section | Plant Pathology Section |
BOTANY SECTION
Compiled by Carlos R. Artaud
For this period, 112 specimens were submitted to Botany for identification, and 934 were received from other Sections for identification and/or name verification (for a total of 1,046). Some of the samples are described below:
Agdestis clematidea Moc. & Sesse ex DC., (1 species, Mexico to Honduras), Phytolaccaceae, rockroot: Vine with turnip-like roots, multi-branched. Leaves alternate, blades 3-12 cm long, ovate-cordate, apex obtuse. Flowers in panicles 10 cm long; 4 sepals, 4-6 mm long, ovate, spreading; petals absent; stamens numerous, mostly 15-20. Ovary inferior, 4-locular; achene 4-5-winged, wings 10-13 mm broad. Cultivated as an ornamental vine. Escaped and naturalized in south Florida, and Texas. Native from Mexico to Honduras. (Miami-Dade County; B2000-474; Edward T. Putland; 13 October 2000). (Long and Lakela 1971).
Blutaparon vermiculare (L.) Mears; [=Caraxeron vermiculare (L.) Raf. and =Philoxerus vermicularis (L.) Sm.], (4 species, Ryukyu Islands, America, and west Africa), Amaranthaceae, samphire, saltweed, silverhead: Perennial or annual herb, succulent; branches prostrate, to about 18 dm long, or ascending to sometimes 50 cm tall. Leaves opposite; blades thick and fleshy, linear to linear oblong to clavate, 1.5-5.5 cm long, 2-12 mm broad, sessile, villous in leaf axils. Spikes head-like, solitary, subglobose to cylindric, many-flowered, to 1.3 cm long, 5-11 mm broad; flowers perfect, white; bracts broadly ovate, 1-nerved; bractlets ovate-oblong, slightly shorter than the sepals; 5 sepals, 3.5-4 mm long, obtuse; 5 stamens, filaments subulate and connate at base, anthers 2-celled. Utricle compressed, broadly ovoid, indehiscent; seed orbicular, 0.8-1 mm broad, dark brown, lustrous. Southern U.S.A. through Central America and the West Indies to South America; west coast of tropical Africa. (St. Lucie County; B2000-402; Kenneth L. Hibbard; 9 November 2000). (Correll and Correll 1982).
Coix lacryma-jobi L., (5 species, tropical Asia), Gramineae, Job's tears: Monoecious annual grass to 1.5 m tall; stems robust, erect. Leaves flat, narrow-lanceolate, to 60 cm long, 5 cm broad. Inflorescence grouped in upper leaf axils, compound, consisting of many racemes, arching gracefully; peduncles long; spikelets unisexual. Female raceme of 3 spikelets (2 sterile, 1 fertile); fertile spikelet sessile, solitary, protected by a hollow, globose to pyriform sheath or utricle. Male racemes to 5 cm long; spikelets to 1 cm long. Utricle ovoid-globose, hard, to 13 mm long, white to gray tinged blue to brown. Grown for the curious inflorescence bearing the hard, tear-shaped seeds that give rise to the common name. The seeds are used for food in its area of origin, and as beads for necklaces and rosaries. Native to southeast Asia. (Clay County; B2000-454; Flewellyn W. Podris; 4 October 2000). (Bailey 1976; Huxley 1992).
Costus spiralis Roscoe, (42 species, world tropics and Australia), Zingiberaceae, spiral ginger, spiral flag: Rhizomatous perennial herb to 1.2 m tall, stems slender, cane-like. Leaves fleshy, to 20 cm long, obovate-oblong, glossy, in single, loose spiral around stem. Inflorescence terminal, on leafy stem, 25 cm long, conical; bracts orange to orange-red, tightly imbricate; corolla rose pink to red, lip 3 cm wide, flushed red, ruffled, insignificant and hidden. From West Indies, and Ecuador. (Miami-Dade County; B2000-482; Duraid I. Hanna; 13 October 2000). (Huxley 1992).
Cyperus albostriatus Schrad., (=C. diffusus Hort.), (ca. 300 species, tropical and warm temperate), Cyperaceae, broadleaf umbrella plant: Perennial 20-50 cm tall. Rhizome woody. Stems thin, firm. Leaves numerous, to same length as stem, 8-16 mm wide, 3-nerved, nerves pale, prominent; sheaths purple. Bracts 6-9, leaflike, exceeding inflorescence, 16 mm broad, spreading. Umbel compound, lax; rays 8-24 in number, 2.5-10 cm long; spikelets 8-24-flowered, pale brown; glume blunt, tip short-bristled., brown, midrib green; stamens 3; style short, stigmas 3. Cultivated for its graceful foliage and umbrella-like inflorescence. Native to South Africa. (Alachua County; B2000-411, Ryan S. Richards, Yolanda I. Inguanzo; 19 September 2000). (Bailey 1976; Huxley 1992).
Diospyros digyna Jacq., (ca. 475 species, world tropics), Ebenaceae, black sapote, chocolate pudding tree: Polygamodioecious tree to 18 m tall. Leaves alternate, oblong-elliptic to elliptic-ovate, 20 cm long, obtuse, glabrous, short-petioled. Flowers 4-merous; female flowers solitary, small, fragrant, whitish, with 4 to many staminodes; the other flowers in cymes or clusters, with 4 to many stamens. Fruit a juicy berry, with enlarged, persistent calyx at base, to 10 cm in diameter, olive-green, becoming nearly black, flesh very soft, chocolate-brown, edible. A popular fruit in Mexico. Naturalized in tropical Asia. Occasional in cultivation in south Florida. Naive to Mexico, and Central America. (Broward County; B2000-415; Myriam Briceno, U.S.D.A.; 15 September 2000). (Bailey 1976).
Ficus microcarpa L. f., (ca. 750 species, tropical, and warm temperate, especially Indomalaysia to Australia), Moraceae, Cuban laurel, Indian laurel, Chinese banyan: Large glabrous tree to 25 m tall, ultimately with a spreading crown to 30 m or more across and large ascending branches from which festoons of aerial roots descend and sometimes root, forming `curtains'. Leaves entire, usually glabrous, to 12 cm long, 9 cm wide, often slightly asymmetric, broadly elliptic to obovate, tip somewhat blunt to acuminate, base cuneate to rounded; petiole to 20 mm long. Figs axillary, towards ends of twigs, usually paired, sessile, more or less globose, glabrous or hairy, ripening purple to black. Popular for street planting in warm countries. Previously (and sometimes still) grown under the misapplied names F. retusa or F. nitida. Ryukyu Islands and southern China, south and southeastern Asia through Malaysia to Australia. Micronesia, the Solomon Islands and New Caledonia. (Pinellas County; B2000-395; Leyanis Gonzalez; 7 September 2000). (Bailey 1976; Huxley 1992).
Koelreuteria elegans (Seem.) A. C. Sm., (3 species, China, and Taiwan), Sapindaceae, flamegold, Chinese rain tree, golden rain tree: Tree to 18 m tall. Leaves alternate, bipinnate, 32-45 cm long; leaflets 9-16, to 11 cm long, 3 cm broad, usually narrowly ovate, margins nearly entire to unequally serrate, lustrous. Flowers yellow, in large terminal panicles; calyx deeply 5-lobed, regular; petals 5, lanceolate; stamens 5-8, triangular, pubescent, clawed; style 3-lobed at apex, shorter than stamens. Fruit a bladder-like inflated capsule, 3 cm long, splitting into 3, rose-colored, ovate, papery segments; seeds 3, globose, black, peasized. Naturalized in Florida, and listed as Category II by Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. From China and Taiwan. (Taylor County; B2000-461; Clay B. Olson, University of Florida's County Extension Service; 10 October 2000). (Bailey 1976; Huxley 1992).
GLOSSARY: connate: united, with like members joined into one organ; glume: a chaff-like bract characteristic of grasses; monoecious: having stamens and pistils in separate flowers on the same plant; polygamodioecious: polygamous (having unisexual and bisexual flowers on the same plant) but with a tendency to be dioecious (having staminate and pistillate flowers on separate plants); staminode: an abortive stamen, usually the filament only; subulate: tapering from a broad or thick base to a sharp point; utricle: a more or less inflated membranous, bladder-like envelope surrounding some fruits.
REFERENCES
- L. H. Bailey Hortorium Staff. 1976. Hortus third, a concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. 1,290 p.
- Correll, D. S. and H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama Archipelago. J. Cramer, Hirschberg, Germany. 1,692 p.
- Huxley, A. J. (ed.) 1992. New Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 4 vols. Macmillan Press, London. 3,240 p.
- Long, R. W. and O. Lakela. 1971. A flora of tropical Florida. University of Miami Press, Coral Gables. 962 p.
- Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book, 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 858 p.
ENTOMOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by Susan E. Halbert, Ph.D.
For the month of September, there were 457 samples consisting of 22,809+ specimens. In October, there were 494 samples consisting of 3,9841+ specimens. Some of the samples processed are listed below:
ORNAMENTALS, WOODY PLANTS AND PALMS: Bauhinia sp. (an orchid-tree)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a brachycerine weevil: Slight infestations at residences in Hollywood (Broward County; E2000-3793, 3794; William A. Thiel, Jr. and Scott Shea; 12 October 2000) and Hallandale (Broward County; E2000-3795; William A. Thiel, Jr. and Scott Shea; 12 October 2000) NEW DPI HOST RECORD and Boca Raton (Palm Beach County; E2000-3800; James 'Keith' Harris and C. Elroy Timmer; 12 October 2000). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Bucida buceras (black-olive, Gregory wood)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a brachycerine weevil: A slight infestation in Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County; E2000-3902; Nury M. Marrone; 16 October 2000). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Chamaedorea sp. (palm)-- Malleolaspis sp., an armored scale: A slight infestation intercepted at a flower shop on a shipment from Mexico in Okahumpka (Lake County; E2000-3182; Stephen B. Beidler; 7 September 2000).
Chrysobalanus icaco Linnaeus (cocoplum)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a brachycerine weevil: A moderate infestation at a residence in Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County; E2000-3773; Heather N. Hursh, William A. Thiel, Jr., and James 'Keith' Harris; 11 October 2000). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Cycas revoluta (king sago)-- Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi, aulacaspis cycad scale: A severe infestation at a discount store in Leesburg (Lake County; E2000-2900; 21 August 2000). A slight infestation at a discount store in Jacksonville (Duval County; E2000-3134; Ryan S. Richards, Citrus Canker Eradication Program (CCEP); 5 September 2000). A severe infestation at a discount store in Fernandina Beach (Nassau County; E2000-3250; Ryan S. Richards, CCEP; 11 September 2000). A moderate infestation at a nursery in Vero Beach (Indian River County; E2000-3384; Richard H. 'Dick' Stoll; 19 September 2000). A severe infestation at a discount store in St. Augustine (St. John's County; E2000-3522; Ryan S. Richards, CCEP; 28 September 2000). A severe infestation at a discount store in Ocala (Marion County; E2000-3663; Ryan S. Richards, CCEP; 6 October 2000). All are NEW DPI COUNTY RECORDS.
Dypsis lutescens (areca palm, butterflypalm, golden cane palm)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a brachycerine weevil: A severe infestation in Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County; E2000-3564; David McLean, Instructor, Broward Community College; 27 September 2000). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a brachycerine weevil: A severe infestation at a residence in Pompano Beach (Broward County; E2000-3797; C. Elroy Timmer; 12 October 2000). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Howea forsteriana (kentia palm)-- Aspidiotus nerii (Bouche), oleander scale: A slight infestation on palms from California at a nursery in Delray Beach (Broward County; E2000-3347; C. Elroy Timmer; 14 September 2000).
Ilex vomitoria (yaupon holly, a native species)-- Diadalotarsonemus jamesbakeri Smiley, a tarsonemid mite: An infestation at a residence in Gainesville (Alachua County; E2000-1059; Dr. W. C. 'Cal' Welbourn; 20 April 2000). NEW DPI STATE RECORD; NEW DPI HOST RECORD. This mite is not a plant pest. It probably is part of the native fauna but was never collected and identified until now (Dr. W. C. 'Cal' Welbourn).
Lagerstroemia indica (crape myrtle)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a brachycerine weevil: A moderate infestation at a residence in Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County; E2000-3799; William A. Thiel, Jr., James 'Keith' Harris, and Heather N. Hursh; 11 October 2000). A slight infestation at a residence in Deerfield Beach (Broward County; E2000-3799; James 'Keith' Harris; 12 October 2000). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Magnolia grandiflora (southern magnolia, a native species)-- Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, papaya mealybug: A moderate infestation at a discount store in Brandon (Hillsborough County; E2000-2701; Stacy A. Tyrala; 9 August 2000). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Ravenea rivularis (majesty palm)-- Rhozoecus hibisci Kawai & Takagi, a root mealybug: A severe infestation of 8,900 plants at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2000-3188; Duraid I. Hanna; 5 September 2000).
Syzygium paniculatum (Australian brush cherry)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a brachycerine weevil: A slight infestation at a residence in Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County; E2000-3772; Heather N. Hursh, William A. Thiel, Jr., and James 'Keith' Harris; 11 October 2000). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Terminalia catappa (tropical-almond)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a brachycerine weevil: A moderate infestation at a residence in Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County; E2000-3767; William A. Thiel, Jr., James 'Keith' Harris, and Heather N. Hursh, ; 11 October 2000). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Veitchia merrillii (Manila palm, Christmas palm, Adonidia palm)-- Aleurotrachelus atratus Hempel, a whitefly: A slight infestation at a residence in Naples (Collier County; E2000-4049; Scott D. Krueger; 25 October 2000). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FOLIAGE PLANTS: Galax urceolata (wand-flower)-- Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), corn earworm: An infestation at a county Agricultural Center in DeLand (Volusia County; E2000-3335; Stacey S. Simmons; 12 September 2000). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Murraya paniculata (orange-jessamine, Chinese-box)-- Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, Asian citrus psyllid: A slight infestation at a nursery in Gainesville (Alachua County; E2000-3364; Ryan S. Richards, Citrus Canker; 18 September 2000). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Elaeocarpus dentatus (New Zealand dye tree, Japanese blueberry tree)-- Ceroplastes cirripediformis Comstock, barnacle scale: A slight infestation on ten of fifty plants at a nursery in Orlando (Orange County; E2000-3691; Terrence D. Williams; 28 September 2000). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Opuntia sp. (prickly pear)-- Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg), tropical cactus borer: A moderate infestation at a nursery in Wimauma (Hillsborough County; E2000-3104; K. Lea Etchells; 1 September 2000). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Schefflera arboricola (dwarf schefflera)-- Ceroplastes rubens Maskell, red wax scale: A slight infestation on three of five plants at a discount store in Pensacola (Escambia County; E2000-3297; Laura L. Ooms; 11 September 2000). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FLOWERING PLANTS: Bougainvillea glabra (bougainvillea, paperflower)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: A slight infestation on a plant at a nursery in St. Augustine (St. John's County; E2000-3542; Ryan S. Richards; 29 September 2000). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Calotropis gigantea (mudar, giant milkweed)-- Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targ.-Tozz.), white peach scale: A severe infestation on the plants at a park in Clearwater (Pinellas County; E2000-3199; David M. Mooney; 8 September 2000). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Clerodendrum sp. (glorybower)-- Aleurodicus dugesii Cockerell, giant whitefly: A moderate infestation at an amusement park in Lake Buena Vista (Orange County; E2000-3064; Barbara J. Wilder; 31 August 2000). The population was about 75% parasitized (Dr. Avas B. Hamon).
Dioclea megacarpa (oho de mono)-- Caryedes brasiliensis (Thunb.), a bruchid beetle: Specimens on seeds from Costa Rica at a university in Orlando (Orange County; E2000-2993; anonymous; 23 August 2000). The beetles are exotic, but specific to this host, which does not occur in Florida (Dr. Michael C. Thomas).
Gardenia augusta (gardenia)-- Minutaleyrodes minutus (Singh), minute whitefly: A moderate infestation on a plant at a residence in Buckhead Ridge (Glades County; E2000-4059; Jo Ann Pate; 24 October 2000). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
--Eucalymnatus tessellatus (Signoret), tessellated scale: A severe infestation at a residence in St. Petersburg (Pinellas County; E2000-3192; Gabriella M. Bernard; 5 September 2000). The population was very heavy for this host (Dr. Avas B. Hamon).
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibiscus)-- Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, papaya mealybug: A severe infestation at University of Florida's Citrus Research and Education Center (Polk County; E2000-2752; Leo M. Sansoucy and Joseph B. Steed; 14 August 2000). A slight infestation on twenty plants at a residence in Vero Beach (Indian River County; E2000-3381; Kenneth L. Hibbard; 19 September 2000). A severe infestation on a plant in a graveyard in Dunedin (Pinellas County; E2000-3689; Linda G. McRay; 5 October 2000). All are NEW DPI COUNTY RECORDS.
--Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a brachycerine weevil: A moderate infestation at a residence in Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County; E2000-3771; Heather N. Hursh, James 'Keith' Harris, and William A. Thiel, Jr.; 11 October 2000). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Malvaviscus arboreus var. penduliflorus (Turk's cap)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a brachycerine weevil: A slight infestation at a marina in Pompano Beach (Broward County; E2000-3803; C. Elroy Timmer; 12 October 2000). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Portulaca oleracea (purslane, little hogweed, naturalized exotic used as a food or as an ornamental)-- Hypogeococcus pungens Granara de Willink, a mealybug: A severe infestation at a discount store in Pensacola (Escambia County; E2000-3117; Laura L. Ooms; 30 August 2000). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Tagetes sp. (marigold)-- Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, papaya mealybug: A severe infestation at a residence in Bradenton (Manatee County; E2000-2908; K. Lea Etchells; 19 August 2000). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
FOREST AND SHADE TREES: Celtis laevigata (hackberry, sugarberry, a native species)-- Shivaphis celti Das, Asian woolly hackberry aphid: A moderate infestation at a nursery in Apopka (Orange County; E2000-2948; Tom L. Phillips; 23 August 2000). A moderate infestation at a residence in Buckhead Ridge (Glade County; E2000-2981; Jo Ann Pate; 22 August 2000). A moderate infestation at a nursery in Oviedo (Seminole County; E2000-3594; Amanda D. Melco; 27 September 2000). A slight infestation at a nursery in Oxford (Sumter County; E2000-3739; Stephen B. Beidler; 9 October 2000). All are NEW DPI COUNTY RECORDS.
Juniperus davurica 'Expansa' (Parson's juniper, or parsonii juniper)-- Trisetacus juniperinus (Nalepa), an eriophyid mite: A moderate infestation on 500 of 10,000 plants at a nursery in Seffner (Hillsborough County; E2000-3899; Samuel A. Fuller; 17 October 2000). The mites caused plants to be discolored and scraggly and stunting new growth.
Quercus sp. (oak)-- Agistemus denotatus Rodriquez, a stigmaeid mite: A moderate infestation at a nursery in Orlando (Orange County; E2000-3254; Terrence D. Williams; 7 September 2000). NEW DPI HOST RECORD, NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Zelkova serrata (Japanese zelkova, saw-leaf zelkova)-- Halotydeus sp., a penthaleid mite: A slight infestation at a bonsai dealership in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2000-3205; Duraid I. Hanna; 7 September 2000). This mite is not a Florida species and should be eradicated (Dr. W. C. 'Cal' Welbourn).
FOOD OR CROP PLANTS: Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)-- Diabrotica balteata LeConte, green spotted cucumber beetle: A moderate to severe infestation in a 2-acre field in Homestead (Miami-Dade County; E2000-2167; Lynn D. Howerton; 6 July 2000).
Allium sp. (green onions)-- Liriomyza huidobrensis Blanchard, pea leafminer: A moderate infestation on 2% of fifty cases of onions from California at a food dealership in Ocoee (Orange County; E2000-3544; Barbara J. Wilder and Amanda D. Melco; 28 September 2000). A slight infestation at another dealership on onions from Mexico in Palmetto (Manatee County; E2000-3309; Mark L. Runnals; 12 September 2000).
Capsicum annuum cultivar (poblano chile pepper, ancho pepper)-- Blapstinus? sp., a tenebrionid beetle: An infestation on peppers from Mexico in Jacksonville (Duval County; E2000-3487; Flewellyn W. Podris; 21 September 2000). This is not a Florida species (Dr. Michael C. Thomas).
Carica papaya (papaya)-- Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, papaya mealybug: A moderate infestation at a mobile home park in rural Lee County (E2000-3845; Bruce Lovejoy, homeowner; October 2000). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Cnidoscolus chayamansa (chaya)-- Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, papaya mealybug: A severe infestation at a discount store in Gainesville (Alachua County; E2000-3295; Ryan S. Richards; 14 September 2000). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato, boniato)-- Phyllophaga sp., a May beetle: A severe infestation on a 100 acre field in Homestead (Miami-Dade County; E2000-2795; Dr. Dakshina R. Seal, University of Florida's Tropical Research and Extension Center; August 2000).
Lycopersicon esculentum (garden tomato)-- Aculops lycopersici (Massee), tomato russet mite: A slight infestation at University of Florida's Gulf Coast Research and Education Center (Manatee County; E2000-2581; Emily M. Vasquez, University of Florida's Gulf Coast Research and Extension Center; 3 August 2000). This eriophyid mite is a serious pest of tomato (Dr. W. C. 'Cal' Welbourn).
Vitis vinifera (wine grape, table grape)-- Chlorochroa uhleri Stål, a stink bug: A specimen on grapes purchased from a grocery store in Gainesville (Alachua County; E2000-2902; Douglas G. Hadlock; August 2000). This is a Western species that does not occur in Florida (Dr. Susan E. Halbert).
--Scobicia declivis (LeConte), a bostrichid beetle: A moderate infestation on roots of grape plants originating from Homestead at a business in Palm Harbor (Pinellas County E2000-3410; Hicham Ouhirra; 18 September 2000). This is an exotic bostrichid from California (Dr. Michael C. Thomas). NEW DPI STATE RECORD. CITRUS: Citrus limon 'Ponderosa' (giant lemon)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: A slight infestation in about one fourth of a two-acre grove in Callahan (Nassau County; E2000-3820; Randall A. Dean, Apiary; 13 October 2000. NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a brachycerine weevil: Slight infestations in Deerfield Beach (Broward County; E2000-3802; C. Elroy Timmer; 12 October 2000) and Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County; E2000-3805; Nury M. Marrone; 12 October 2000). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Citrus reticulata (tangerine, mandarin)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: A slight infestation at a residence in Lake Butler (Union County; E2000-3758; Randall A. Dean, Apiary; 10 October 2000). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Citrus sinensis 'Ambersweet' (orange hybrid)-- Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, Asian citrus psyllid: A moderate infestation at a discount store in Arcadia (DeSoto County; E2000-2863; Darin W. Hughes; 16 August 2000). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: A slight infestation in a grove in Spring Lake (Hernando County; E2000-3841; Warren J. 'Jim' Dowling; 12 October 2000). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Citrus x tangelo 'Minneola' (Minneola tangelo, honeybell)-- Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, Asian citrus psyllid: A slight infestation on ten of 200 plants at a nursery in Macclenny (Baker County; E2000-3138; Michael J. Mulligan; 1 September 2000). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Citrus sp. (citrus)-- Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, Asian citrus psyllid: A moderate infestation at a nursery in St. Augustine (St. John's County; E2000-2635; Debora A. Bivins; 17 August 2000). A slight infestation at a discount store in Palm Coast (Flagler County; E2000-3020; Raymond C. Jarrett; 29 August 2000). A slight infestation at a discount store in Pensacola (Escambia County; E2000-3293; Laura L. Ooms; 11 September 2000). A slight infestation at a discount store in Jacksonville (Duval County; E2000-3648; Ryan S. Richards, Citrus Canker; 5 October 2000). A slight infestation at a stock dealership in Lake Panasoffkee (Sumter County; E2000-3821; Stephen B. Beidler; 12 October 2000). All are NEW DPI COUNTY RECORDS. Slight infestations in groves in Clermont (Lake County; E2000-3377; Dr. Marjorie A. Hoy, University of Florida, and Dr. Ru Nguyen; 15 September 2000) and Lake Wales (Polk County; E2000-3378; Dr. Marjorie A. Hoy and Dr. Ru Nguyen; 15 September 2000). These are the first infestations found in the landscape in these counties (Dr. Susan E. Halbert).
Citrus sp. (citrus)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a brachycerine weevil: A specimen collected in Dania (Broward County; E2000-3957; William A. Thiel, Jr.; 1995). NEW RECORD FOR THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE.
WEEDS AND GRASSES: Gramineae (grass)-- Furcaspis n. sp. nr. oceanica auth. and Chionaspis sp., armored scales: A moderate infestation at a garden center in Naples (Collier County; E2000-3176; Scott D. Krueger; 7 September 2000). Both scales are very unusual and possibly unknown in Florida (Dr. Avas B. Hamon).
Hymenachne amplexicaulis (West Indian marsh grass, trompetilla)-- Ischnodemus variegatus (Signoret), a lygaeid bug: A damaging infestation at a state park in Sarasota (Sarasota County; E2000-4134; Belinda Perry; 21 September 2000). The infestation may provide some biological control for the weed. NEW USA CONTINENTAL RECORD.
NATIVE AND NATURALIZED PLANTS: Boerhavia sp. (boerhavia)-- Asphondylia boerhaaviae Mohn, a cecidomyiid fly: Galls in St. Petersburg (Pinellas County; E2000-2623; Tracy S. Feldman, Duke University, Durham, NC; 8 August 2000). This fly was previously known only from Colombia, El Salvador, and Jamaica (Dr. Gary J. Steck). NEW USA CONTINENTAL RECORD.
Cyperus pedunculatus (beach star, junco de playa, endangered species listed as Remirea maritima in Rule 5B-40)-- Trionymus sp. nr. winnemucae McKenzie, a mealybug: A moderate infestation at a park in Ft. Pierce (St. Lucie County; E2000-3157; Kenneth L. Hibbard; 5 September 2000). The mealybugs damaged this endangered species.
Hypericum sp. (St. John's wort)-- Aleuroplatus plumosus (Quaintance), a whitefly: A slight infestation at a natural area of Eglin Air Force Base in Niceville (Okaloosa County; E2000-3883; Laura L. Ooms; 13 October 2000). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Illicium floridanum (Florida anise, purple anise, stink-bush, polecat tree, stinking laurel)-- Fiorinia theae Green, tea scale: A slight infestation at natural area of Eglin Air Force Base in Niceville (Okaloosa County; E2000-3881; Laura L. Ooms; 13 October 2000). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Tillandsia usneoides (Spanish moss)-- Chrysomela scripta Fabricius, a chrysomelid beetle: A truck load of Spanish moss was rejected in Arizona due to this native beetle. The Spanish moss originated in Groveland (Lake County; E2000-4052; William L. 'Robbie' Robinson and L. Wayne Smith; 25 October 2000). BENEFICIAL INSECTS: Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid)-- Tamarixia radiata (Waterson), a parasitic wasp: Specimens from Asian citrus psyllids at a nursery in Goulds (Miami-Dade County; E2000-2649; Eduardo G. Camero; 8 August 2000).
Heterobostrichus aequalis (a wood-boring beetle)-- Leluthia sp., a parasitic wasp: Several specimens reared from beetles infesting wooden baskets imported directly from Guatemala and intercepted at a discount store in Bradenton (Manatee County; E2000-3757; Mark L. Runnals and Albert L. Wright; 9 October 2000). APIARY PESTS: Aethina tumida Murray, small hive beetle: Infestations in Gulf Breeze (Santa Rosa County; E2000-3259; Carl D. Corbin; 5 September 2000), Sarasota (Sarasota County; E2000-3662; D. Fred Howard; 3 October 2000), rural Union County (E2000-3908; Randall A. Dean; 11 October 2000), and Bunnell (Flagler County; E2000-3989; Randall A. Dean; 19 October 2000). All finds are NEW DPI COUNTY RECORDS.
INSECT DETECTION: Bostrychoplites cornutus (Olivier), a bostrichid beetle: Specimens in wood carvings shipped from Africa to Orlando (Orange County; E2000-3390; Terrence D. Williams; 19 September 2000). This is an African species not established in the USA (Dr. Michael C. Thomas).
Dendrobiella sp. prob. sericans (LeConte), a bostrichid beetle: Several specimens in imported wooden baskets in a discount store in Bradenton (Manatee County; E2000-3395; Mark L. Runnals; 18 September 2000). This beetle is native from Texas south to Guatemala, but not in the eastern USA (Dr. Michael C. Thomas).
Heterobostrichus aequalis (Waterhouse), a bostrichid beetle: Specimens from badly damaged wooden baskets from Guatemala in a discount store in Bradenton (Manatee County; E2000-3757; Mark L. Runnals and Albert L. Wright; 9 October 2000), at a nursery in Ruskin (Hillsborough County; E2000-3782; K. Lea Etchells; 11 October 2000), and at a discount store in Sarasota (Sarasota County; E2000-3786; Katherine A. Macias and Mark L. Runnals; 11 October 2000). This beetle is originally Asian, but is stablished in Florida (Dr. Michael C. Thomas).
Halotydeus sp., a penthaleid mite: Several specimens under a rock in damp soil at a park in Ft. Pierce (St. Lucie County; E2000-2146; Kenneth L. Hibbard; 5 July 2000). This is a very unusual mite (Dr. W. C. 'Cal' Welbourn).
Sapintus fulvipes, an anthicid beetle: A specimen inside packaged products sent to Japan from a beverage company in Winter Haven (Polk County; E2000-2771; Dan King, employee; August 2000). The beetle is native to Florida (Dr. Michael C. Thomas).
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NEMATOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by Renato N. Inserra, Ph.D.
A total of 2,380 samples were processed in September and October of 2000. Details are shown below:
Certification and Regulatory Samples:
California Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
Burrowing Nematode (Citrus Regulatory Survey) . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Premovement (Citrus Regulatory Survey) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Site or Pit Approval (Citrus Regulatory Survey) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Other Samples:
Plant Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Out of State Survey, via Florida . . . . . . .59
Intrastate Survey, Random . . . . . . . . . . 98
Nematodes of Special Interest Intercepted on Date Palms from California: Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)- Longidorus africanus Merny, 1966, needle nematode (Lee County; N00-01230 and N00-01271; Walter W. Golden and Matthew W. Brodie; 15 September 2000). This needle nematode associated with the rhizosphere of large palms introduced from southern California into Florida. Needle nematode populations morphologically similar to L. africanus occur in non-cultivated lands of Central Florida (four counties). However, the Californian populations of L. africanus are extremely damaging to vegetable and field crops. These nematodes pose a potential threat to Florida agriculture if they become established and are spread to other susceptible crops in Florida.
-- Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949, Javanese root-knot nematode (Duval County; N00-01297; Flewellyn W. Podris; 9 September, 2000) and (Lee County; N00-01230; Walter W. Golden and Matthew W. Brodie; 8 September, 2000). High numbers of this root-knot nematode extracted from soil and roots of large palms introduced from southern California into Florida. Palm tree decline induced by infection of this root-knot nematode. has been reported in California and also in North Africa.
--Pratylenchus hexincisus Taylor and Jenkins, 1957, lesion nematode (Lee County, Walter W. Golden and Matthews W. Brodie; N00-01230; 8 September, 2000). This lesion nematode associated with the rhizosphere of large palms introduced from southern California into Florida. Pratylenchus hexincisus is a damaging nematode pest of corn and has been reported in Florida.
COLLECTORS SUBMITTING FIVE OR MORE SAMPLES THAT WERE PROCESSED FOR
NEMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS in SEPTEMBER and OCTOBER 2000:
Brodie, Matthew W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Dees, Carrie S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Etchells, Karen L . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Fuller, Samuel A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Golden, Walter W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Harris, Jessie M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Inguanzo, Yolanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Lawrence, Robinson L . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
LeBoutillier, Karen W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Lorenzo, Jose A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Pate, JoAnn . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Podris, Flewellyn W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Robinson, William L. 'Robbie' . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Salisbury, Thomas L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Tannehill, Ellen J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
PLANT PATHOLOGY
Compiled by Robert M. Leahy
For this period, the Plant Pathology Section received and processed 13,424 specimens. These included 631 pathology, 18 miscellaneous, and 10 soil samples. Also 12,765 citrus canker samples were processed, including 12,653 from South Florida, 19 from West Coast Florida, 58 from South West Coast Florida, 16 from Central Florida, and 19 from North Florida.
ORNAMENTALS, WOODY PLANTS AND PALMS: Juniperus davurica 'Expansa' (parsonii juniper cultivar)-- Phytophthora cryptogea Pethyler & Lafferty, root rot: Collected at a dooryard in Morriston (Levy County; P2000-1990; Tommy Lewis;31 August 2000). NEW HOST RECORD.
Myrica cerifera (wax myrtle, a native species)-- Discosia sp., leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Lake City (Columbia County; P2000-2174; G & S Nursery; 21 September 2000). NEW HOST RECORD.
Phoenix dactylifera 'Medjool' (date palm cultivar)-- Ceratocystis radicicola (D. E. Bliss) C. Morean, root rot: Collected at a nursery in Ft. Myers (Lee County; P2000-2062 and P2000-2063; Matthew W. Brodie and Walter W. Golden, 8 September 2000).
Wodyetia bifurcata (foxtail palm)-- Exserohilum sp., leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Palm Beach (Palm Beach County; P2000-2299; Randall N. Mescher; 26 September 2000 ). NEW HOST RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FLOWERING PLANTS:Arachis prostrata (perennial peanut or grassnut, = A. glabrata)-- Pythium spinosum Sawada, root rot: Collected at a nursery in Jacksonville (Duval County; 18 October 2000; Flewellyn W. Podris; P2000-2559). NEW HOST RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FOLIAGE PLANTS: Tillandsia bulbosa (an exotic tillandsia)-- Colletotrichum falcatum Went, leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Sanford (Seminole County; P2000-2050; Amanda D. Melco; 31 August 2000). NEW HOST RECORD.
Tillandsia bulbosa (an exotic tillandsia)-- Colletotrichum falcatum Went, leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Apopka (Orange County; P2000-2051; Leslie J. Wilber; 6 September 2000). NEW HOST RECORD.
FOREST AND SHADE TREES: Acer palmatum (Japanese maple)-- Pyrenochaeta sp., leaf spot: Collected at a landscaping business in Tallahassee (Leon County; P2000-2021; Jimmie R. Wigelsworth; 29 August 2000). NEW HOST RECORD.
FOOD OR CROP PLANTS: Saccharum officinarum (sugar cane)-- Nigrospora sacchari (Speg.) Mason, leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Jacksonville (Duval County; P2000-2214; Flewellyn W. Podris; 21 September 2000). NEW HOST RECORD.
WEEDS AND GRASSES: Imperata cylindrica (cogongrass, a Noxious Weed, Rule 5B-57)-- Herpotrichia sp. & Sporodesmium sp., leaf spot: Collected at a dooryard in Gainesville (Alachua County; P2000-2519; Dr. Marc C. Minno, St. Johns River Water Management District;17 October 2000). NEW HOST RECORD.
