TRI-OLOGY, Vol. 41, No. 3
Nancy C. Coile, Ph. D., Managing Editor
MAY-JUNE 2002
Wayne N. Dixon, Ph. D., Editor
| Botany Section | Entomology Section | Nematology Section | Plant Pathology Section |
BOTANY SECTION
Compiled by Carlos R. Artaud
For this period, 148 specimens were submitted for identification, and 1,045 were received from other Sections for identification and/or name verification (total 1,193). Some of the samples are described below: Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Britt., Sterns & Pogg., (ca. 720 species, subcosmopolitan), Aspleniaceae, ebony spleenwort: Terrestrial fern with short and erect or suberect rhizomes, to 4 mm wide, brown to black. Fronds 40 cm long, 8 cm wide, pinnate, linear to lanceolate, glabrous above, scaly below; pinnae 20-50 pairs, 25 mm long, 3 mm wide, lowest reduced in size, sessile to subsessile, oblique, linear or oblong to lanceolate, apex acute or obtuse, base cordate, auriculate; stipes to 5 cm long, stiff, glossy, chestnut to purplish-black. Sori 2 mm across, single alongside veins, to about 24 per pinnae. Its odd distribution being tropical Africa, North America, and the West Indies. (Alachua County; B2002-298; Kris Wright, student at Santa Fe Community College; 9 June 2002). (Bailey 1976; Huxley 1992). [Another appropriate reference for this very common native fern is Wunderlin and Hansen's first volume of the flora of Florida (2000). Excellent photographs of this common fern are seen at: http://plantatlas.usf.edu/images.asp?plantID=3599# The term "spleenwort" refers to ancient use to treat disorders of the spleen; the dark-colored rachis gives the "ebony" part of the common name. Most of the aspleniums grow on rocks, so this one is unusual in its growth in the soil, Dr. Nancy C. Coile.]
Bunchosia cornifolia HBK, (55 species, tropical America), Malpighiaceae, mountain cherry: Tree to 10 m tall, branches ferruginous. Leaves 5-15 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, but sometimes to 35 cm long, and 14 cm wide, membranaceous or rather tick, lance-oblong to elliptic or elliptic-ovate, green and nearly glabrous above, paler beneath and covered with dense, appressed, white hairs. Flowers in racemes 3-12 cm long; pedicels slender; calyx bearing 10 glands, these confluent in pairs, sepals ovate, exceeding the glands, 2-3 mm long; petals yellow, glandular-dentate near the base; filaments winged, connate at base; ovary densely strigose. Fruit a fleshy drupe, about 1.5 cm in diameter, orange or bright red, 2-3-seeded. From southern Mexico, through Central America to Colombia, and Ecuador. The generic name is said to be derived from the Arabic word, bunchos, signifying coffee. (Collier County; B2002-323; Scott D. Krueger; 14 June 2002). (Menninger 1962; Standley and Steyermark 1976). [The specific epithet refers to the resemblance to dogwood leaves, see this excellent photograph: http://ctfs.si.edu/webatlas/english/buncco.html and notice the venation is very like that of dogwood, Cornus spp. Another common name is manzanillo, Dr. Nancy C. Coile.]
Caesalpinia sappan L., (ca. 150 species, World tropics), Leguminosae, sappanwood: Shrub or tree to 4.5 m tall; stems prickly. Leaves alternate, bipinnate, pinnae 7-10 pairs; leaflets 10-20, 3 cm long, 2.3 cm wide, rhomboid; long petiolate. Inflorescences terminal, in simple or compound racemes to 30 cm long; pedicels 1.5 cm long, jointed at apex; calyx tube short, sepals 5, imbricate, unequal, to 1.2 cm long; corolla yellow, petals to 1.5 cm long, subequal, clawed, standard the smallest; stamens 10, exerted, filaments villous at base. Fruit laterally compressed, to 10 cm long, 4 cm wide, dehiscent, elliptic to oblong, obliquely beaked, brown in color, 2-4-seeded. Cultivated as an ornamental. Heartwood yields a red dye. (Collier County; B2002-321; Scott D. Krueger; 11 June 2002). (Bailey 1976; Huxley 1992). [This web site gives information about Philippine medicinal uses: http://stuartxchange.com/Sapan.html. Fascinating historical accounts about this dyewood and its importance to the foundation of Brazil as a Portuguese colony are given at these two sites: http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ecoph4.htm (also good illustrations) http://www.bell.lib.umn.edu/Products/dyewood.html. For comparison with other dyewood species in Brazil, this website is excellent though the description varies somewhat from those of Bailey and Huxley, which were based on a limited number of plants: http://www.arcosbrasil.com/PernambuccoWood/pernambuccowood4.html. Note that this species should have prickles. Violin makers call this species Pernambucco wood, and the common name in Europe is Brazil wood, Dr. Nancy C. Coile.]
Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arn.) Thwaites ex Hook. f., (3 species, Old World tropics), Sapindaceae, ferntree: Tree, branchlets, leaves and flowers covered with scattered resinous dots. Leaves spirally arranged, paripinnate; leaf-rachis 10-44 cm long, winged between the leaflets; leaflets 10 to 24, subsessile, linear-lanceolate or obovate, 6-16.5 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, base oblique, apex emarginate. Flowers in narrow panicles 10-35 cm long; calyx to 3 mm across, lobes upcurved, ovate, 1.5-2 mm long; petals incurved, 1.5-2 mm long, broadly oval. Fruit smooth, shining, purple, to 1.5 mm long. Cultivated as an ornamental or shade tree. Very young trees resemble ferns. Native to western Africa, India, and Sri Lanka. (Miami-Dade County; B2002-260; Thomas W. Turner; 27 may 2002). (Backer and Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. 1965). [Called Japanese treefern, though not actually from Japan, this species is used as a landscape plant in shady situations in South Florida. See these websites: http://westendnursery.com/plants/japanesetreefern.shtml and http://Miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu/programs/fyn/publications/dtpl-floweringtrees-f-z.htm. Japanese treefern shows tendencies for invasiveness in Hawaii, Dr. Nancy C. Coile.]
Nauclea orientalis (L.) L., (10 species, Old World tropics), Rubiaceae, kanluang, Leichhardt tree: Tree to 12 m tall, branchlets whorled, bark furrowed. Leaves to 25 cm long, 15 cm wide, ovate, base obtuse, apex acute, glabrous, 7-9-veined, margins undulate; petioles to 4 cm long; stipules persistent. Flowers in pedunculate globose heads; calyx lobes spatulate; corolla funnelform, tube to 8 mm long, orange. Fruit a fleshy berry, globose, 2-seeded, red. Cultivated for the fragrant flowers and edible fruits. Also used for timber. From tropical Asia, to Australia, and Polynesia. (Palm Beach County; B2002-324; Ellen J. Tannehill; 13 June 2002). (Huxley 1992). [Fruit closely resembles our Cephalanthus, button bush. Edible fruits said to cure headaches.]
Polianthes tuberosa L., (2 species, Mexico), Liliaceae/Agavaceae, tuberose lily: Herb to 1 m tall, from a tuberose rhizome. Basal leaves to 45 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, in rosettes, thin and linear, bright green, grooved in lower half, spotted brown on underside; stem leaves reduced, 8-12 com long, clasping. Flowers very fragrant in a spike; bracts green; perianth pure waxy white, 3-6 cm long, lobes oblong lanceolate, spreading, showy. Plant unknown in the wild. Cultivated in pre-Colombian Mexico (omixochitl), and added to chocolate as a flavoring. Now grown for its fragrant flowers, the oil used in scent-making. Known in Spanish as azucena, and the double flowered forms as nardo. (Osceola County; B2002-273; Terrence D. Williams; 3 June 2002). (Huxley 1992; Mabberley 1997). [Excellent account of Mexican tuberose: http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/southerngarden/polianthes.html and http://www.greenbeam.com/features/plant101998.stm9 Dr. Nancy C. Coile.]
GLOSSARY: emarginate: having a notch or a sinus at the end; ferrugineous: rust-colored; imbricate: overlapping, like roof tiles; sessile: stalkless, seating directly on the base; sorus (sori pl.): in ferns, a cluster of sporangia with a cover; sporangium (sporangia pl.): a sac producing spores.REFERENCES
- Backer, C. A. and R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. 1965 Flora of Java. N.V.P. Noordhoff, Groningen, The Netherlands. (v.2):142
- L. H. Bailey Hortorium Staff. 1976. Hortus third, a concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. 1,290 p.
- Huxley, A. J. (ed.) 1992. New Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 4 vols. Macmillan Press, London. 3,240 p.
- Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book, 2nd Ed.. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 858 p.
- Menninger, E. A. 1962. Flowering trees of the world for tropics and warm climates. Hearthside Press, Inc., New York. 336 p.
- Standley, P. C. and J. A. Steyermark. 1976. Flora of Guatemala (v.5):474.
- Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. 806 p.
- Wunderlin, Richard P. and Bruce F. Hansen. 2000. Flora of Florida, Volume I: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. 365 p.
ENTOMOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by Susan E. Halbert, Ph. D.
For the month of May, there were 532 samples, consisting of 12,225+ specimens. In June, there were 564 samples, consisting of 31,657+ specimens. Some of the samples are listed below:
ORNAMENTALS, WOODY PLANTS AND PALMS: Filicium decipiens (ferntree, Japanese ferntree)-- Aphis spiraecola Patch, spirea aphid: A slight infestation was found on a plant at a nursery in Goulds (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2163; Frederick J. Hubbard; 3 June 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD for a common pest species.
Melicoccus bijugatus (Spanish lime, mamoncillo, genip, canepas, guayas)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a weevil: A severe infestation was found at a residence in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2064; Lynda F. Davis; 22 May 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)-- Phoenicococcus marlatti (Cockerell), red date scale: A slight infestation was found on palms that originally came from California. They were held in a nursery at Gotha and then transplanted in DeBary (Volusia County; E2002-1291; Kenneth L. Hibbard and Stacey S. Simmons; 25 January 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Phoenix roebelenii (pigmy date palm)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a weevil: A moderate infestation was found at a residence in Miami Lakes (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2484; Lynda F. Davis; 13 June 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Pimenta dioica (allspice)-- Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin), lobate lac scale: A moderate infestation was found at a residence in Miami Lakes (Miami-Dade County; E2002-1626; Lynda F. Davis; 25 April 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Psidium cattleianum (cattley guava, strawberry guava)-- Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin), lobate lac scale: A slight infestation was found on a plant at a residence in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2193; Lynda F. Davis; 5 June 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Sabal palmetto (cabbage palm, palmetto, a native species)-- Cnemodus hirtipes Blatchley, a seed bug; Several specimens were found under fallen palm fronds in Palm Bay (Brevard County; E2002-1656; Kenneth L. Hibbard; 6 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Syzygium cuminii (jambolan plum, Java plum)-- Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin), lobate lac scale: A slight infestation was found near a tree nursery in Hialeah Gardens (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2489; Lynda F. Davis; 14 June 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Syzygium jambos (rose-apple, Malabar apple)-- Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe), black citrus aphid: A moderate infestation was found on a plant at DPI headquarters in Vero Beach (Indian River County; E2002-1801; John E. Quigley; 8 May 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FOLIAGE PLANTS: Aglaonema sp. (aglaonema)-- Pseudococcus odermatti Miller & Williams, a mealybug: A moderate infestation was found on two of 3,000 plants at a nursery in Naples (Collier County; E2002-2077; Scott D. Krueger, Matthew W. Brodie, and Dr. Douglass R. Miller, U.S. National Museum, Beltsville, MD; 14 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.Aloe ciliaris (climbing aloe)-- Vryburgia trionymoides (DeLotto), a mealybug: An infestation was intercepted on a plant from California at a discount store in Boca Raton (Palm Beach County; E2002-1847; J. Keith Harris; 15 May 2002).
Crassula ovata (jade plant)-- Vryburgia trionymoides (DeLotto), a mealybug: Infestations were intercepted on plants from California at discount stores in Orange City (Volusia County; E2002-1650; Stacey S. Simmons; 3 May 2002); in Port Orange (Volusia County; E2002-1804; Raymond C. Jarrett; 15 May 2002); and in Boca Raton (Palm Beach County; E2002-1845; J. Keith Harris; 15 May 2002).
Gynmocalycium mihanovichii (red cap cactus)-- Diaspis echinocacti (Bouche), cactus scale; A severe infestation was intercepted from California on 200 plants at a discount store in Orange City (Volusia County; E2002-1648; Stacey S. Simmons; 3 May 2002). This scale occurs in Florida on many cacti (Dr. Avas B. Hamon).
ORNAMENTALS, FLOWERING PLANTS: Cymbidium sp. (orchid)-- Aphis sp., an aphid: A severe infestation was intercepted on plants from California at a discount store in Ft. Myers (Lee County; E2002-1805; Lori A. Richards; 14 May 2002). This aphid is similar to Aphis fabae solanella Theobald (nightshade aphid), but has shorter appendages. To our knowledge, it has not been collected before in Florida. Dr. Victor F. Eastop, British Museum of Natural History, has matched it with some slightly larger specimens from Chile, also taken from orchids. It may be a separate species or subspecies in the A. f. solanella complex, but if so, it is undescribed. There is no way to know, at the present time, whether this aphid originated in California or somewhere else in the world. Like other orchid aphids, it probably moves with plant trade (Dr. Victor F. Eastop, British Museum of Natural History; Dr. Susan E. Halbert).Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibiscus)-- Aleurodicus dugesii Cockerell, giant whitefly: A severe infestation was found at a residence in Ocala (Marion County; E2002-2930; Floyd J. McHenry; 28 June 2002). A moderate infestation was found at a residence in Jacksonville (Duval County; E2002-2708; Christine J. Frere; 24 June 2002). Both finds are NEW DPI COUNTY RECORDS.
Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, Madeira mealybug: A moderate infestation was found at a residence in Hawthorne (Putnam County; E2002-2371; Marlene Price, homeowner; 17 June 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Mandevilla sp. (a mandavilla)-- Myzus nicotianae Blackman, tobacco aphid: A moderate infestation was found on 30 plants at a discount store in New Smyrna (Volusia County; E2002-2296; Raymond C. Jarrett; 11 June 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Passiflora sp. (a passionflower)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a weevil: A slight infestation was found on two plants at a residence in Opa-Locka (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2236; Lynda F. Davis; 4 June 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Phalaenopsis sp. (a moth orchid)-- Pseudococcus odermatti Miller & Williams, a mealybug: A moderate infestation was found on ten of 50+ plants at a discount store in Kissimmee (Osceola County; E2002-2015; Leo M. Sansoucy; 22 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Trachelospermum jasminoides (confederate jasmine)-- Ormenoides venusta (Melichar), a flatid planthopper: A moderate infestation was found in the landscape at a business in Homestead (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2348; Frederick J. Hubbard; 13 June 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
FOREST AND SHADE TREES: Acer rubrum (red maple, a native species)-- Pulvinaria acericola (Walsh & Riley), cottony maple leaf scale: A severe infestation was found on 30 of 100 plants at a residence in Lynn Haven (Bay County; E2002-1682; Larry W. Smith; 8 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD. FOOD OR CROP PLANTS:Capsicum sp. (a pepper)-- Aleurodicus dugesii Cockerell, giant whitefly: A moderate infestation was found on a plant at a residence in Safety Harbor (Pinellas County; E2002-2136; Thomas W. Turner; 3 June 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass, West Indies lemongrass, fever grass)-- Duplachionaspis divergens Green, an armored scale: A slight infestation was found at a nursery in North Fort Myers (Lee County; E2002-1900; Reuben E. Sibert; 20 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Foeniculum vulgare (fennel)-- Hyadaphis coriandri (Das), coriander aphid: A moderate infestation was found on about three of six plants at a public garden in St. Petersburg (Pinellas County; E2002-1852; Thomas W. Turner; 16 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Litchi chinensis (litchi)-- Thysanofiorinia nephelii (Maskell), an armored scale: A slight infestation was found in landscaping at a business in Boynton Beach (Palm Beach County; E2002-1995; Ellen J. Tannehill; 24 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Mangifera indica (mango)-- Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin), lobate lac scale: A moderate infestation was found on a plant at a residence in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2029; Lynda F. Davis; 17 May 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Myrciaria cauliflora (jaboticaba)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a weevil: A moderate infestation was found on a plant at a residence in Opa-Locka (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2120; Lynda F. Davis; 30 May 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Persea americana (avocado)-- Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin), lobate lac scale: A slight infestation was found on plants at a residence in Miami Lakes (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2065; Lynda F. Davis; 24 May 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane)-- Duplachionaspis divergens Green, an armored scale: An infestation was found at University of Florida's Southwest Florida Research and Education Center in Immokalee (Collier County; E2002-2210; Dr. Jeffrey R. Brushwein, Visiting Professor, University of Florida's Southwest Florida Research and Extension Center; 21 September 2001). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
An infestation was also found at the USDA-ARS germplasm block at University of Florida's Indian River Research and Education Center in Ft. Pierce (St. Lucie County; E2002-1558; Kenneth L. Hibbard; 25 April 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD. This is a relatively new pest in Florida, and it is expected to be a pest of some concern on sugarcane (Dr. Avas B. Hamon).
Pulvinaria elongata Newstead, cottony grass scale: A slight infestation on all of 25 plants was found in a cane field near Clewiston (Hendry County; E2002-1564; Reuben E. Sibert, Matthew W. Brodie and Lori A. Richards; 1 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
CITRUS AND CITRUS RELATIVES: X Citrofortunella floridana x Fortunella crassifolia (procimequat)-- Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, Asian citrus psyllid: An infestation was found at the DPI Citrus Arboretum in Winter Haven (Polk County; E2002-1969; Dr. Susan E. Halbert and Chris D. McAllister, graduate student, Louisiana State University; 23 May 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.Fortunella crassifolia 'Meiwa' (hybrid oval kumquat)-- Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, Asian citrus psyllid: An infestation was found at the DPI Citrus Arboretum in Winter Haven (Polk County; E2002-1975; Dr. Susan E. Halbert and Chris D. McAllister, graduate student, Louisiana State University; 23 May 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Fortunella margarita 'Nagami' (oval kumquat)-- Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, Asian citrus psyllid: An infestation was found at the DPI Citrus Arboretum in Winter Haven (Polk County; E2002-1970; Dr. Susan E. Halbert and Chris D. McAllister, graduate student, Louisiana State University; 23 May 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Fortunella polyandra (Malayan kumquat)-- Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, Asian citrus psyllid: An infestation was found at the DPI Citrus Arboretum in Winter Haven (Polk County; E2002-1977; Dr. Susan E. Halbert and Chris D. McAllister, graduate student, Louisiana State University; 23 May 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Zanthoxylum clava-hercules (Hercules' club, southern prickly ash, toothache tree)-- Examination of this plant at the Florida Citrus Arboretum in Winter Haven (Polk County; E2002-1970; Dr. Susan E. Halbert and Chris D. McAllister, graduate student, Louisiana State University; 23 May 2002) indicates that it is a non-host of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, Asian citrus psyllid.
WEEDS AND GRASSES: Ambrosia artemisifolia (common ragweed, a native species)-- Pleotrichophorus ambrosiae Hille Ris Lambers, a ragweed aphid: A slight infestation was found on a plant in Clearwater (Pinellas County; E2001-1897; Thomas W. Turner; 7 May 2001). Probable NEW DPI STATE RECORD. There is a doubtful record from Panicum, but no specimens could be located. This species is widely distributed in the USA and is not expected to be a pest. It is restricted to Ambrosia and Franseria (Dr. Susan E. Halbert).Melaleuca quinquenervia (punktree, paperbark, a Noxious Weed)-- Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin), lobate lac scale: A slight infestation was found on a plant beside a tree farm in Delray Beach (Palm Beach County; E2002-1546; Ellen J. Tannehill; 24 April 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Schinum terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper-tree, a Noxious Weed)-- Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin), lobate lac scale: A moderate infestation was found on a plant at a residence in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2359; Lynda F. Davis; 12 June 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Setaria magna (giant bristlegrass, a native species)-- Leptodictya tabida (Herrich-Schaeffer), sugarcane lace bug: A slight infestation was found along a canal near Okeechobee (Okeechobee County; E2002-1690; James E. Bennett and Kenneth L. Hibbard; 8 May 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
NATIVE AND NATURALIZED PLANTS: Cercis canadensis (eastern redbud, a native species)-- Aphis pawneepae Hottes, redbud aphid: A moderate to severe infestation was found at a bank in Gainesville (Alachua County; E2002-1691; Dr. Susan E. Halbert and Dr. Russell F. Mizell III; 10 May 2002). NEW DPI STATE RECORD for a widely distributed but rather rare native aphid (Dr. Susan E. Halbert).Conocarpus erectus (buttonwood, button mangrove, a native species)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a weevil: A moderate infestation was found at a residence in Opa-Locka (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2238; Lynda F. Davis; 4 June 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Cephalanthus occidentalis (button bush, a native species)-- Aceria cephalanthi (Cook), an eriophyid mite: An infestation on 1/4 acre was found in a rural area near Durbin Creek (St. Johns County; E2002-1595; Flewellyn W. Podris and Christine J. Frere; 2 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Exothea paniculata (butterbough, a native species)-- Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin), lobate lac scale: A severe infestation was found at a residence in Homestead (Miami-Dade County; E2002-1757; Adrian G. Hunsberger, University of Florida Extension Agent, Miami-Dade County, Homestead; 8 May 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Ilex vomitoria (yaupon, a native species)-- Metcalfa pruinosa (Say), citrus flatid planthopper: A moderate infestation was found in St. Joseph (Gulf County; E2002-2122; Bertila Brambila, amateur collector, and Julieta Brambila; 29 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Quadraspidiotus juglansregiae (Comstock), walnut scale: An infestation was found at a residence in Naples (Collier County; E2002-1848; Jean McCallough, homeowner; 13 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Myrica cerifera (wax myrtle, native species)-- Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin), lobate lac scale: A severe infestation was found at a residence in Homestead (Miami-Dade County; E2002-1756; Adrian G. Hunsberger, University of Florida Extension Agent, Miami-Dade County, Homestead; 8 May 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Psychotria nervosa (wild-coffee, Seminole balsamo, native species)-- Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin), lobate lac scale: A severe infestation was found at a residence in Homestead (Miami-Dade County; E2002-1759; Adrian G. Hunsberger, University of Florida Extension Agent, Miami-Dade County, Homestead; 8 May 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
PINK HIBISCUS MEALYBUG (PHM): First record for the state was found on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibiscus)--Maconnellicoccus hirsutus (Green), pink hibiscus mealybug (PHM): A severe infestation on 50% of 2 plants was found at a residence in Miramar (Broward County; E2002-2198; Maria S. Quintanilla; 6 June 2002). NEW DPI STATE RECORD.Originally from Asia and spreading to many areas, pink hibiscus mealybug was discovered in Grenada in 1996 and since then, it has spread throughout the Caribbean area. It has also spread to Central America and Mexico. In the U.S., it is known from California, and now Florida (Dr. Avas B. Hamon).
Subsequent finds:
Acalypha wilkesiana (Jacob's coat, copperleaf, beefsteak plant)-- PHM found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2637; Lynda F. Davis; 21 June 2002).
Allamanda violacea (purple allamanda)-- PHM found at a discount store in Miramar (Broward County; E2002-2412; Scott Shea; 16 June 2002).
Alternanthera ficoidea (Joseph's-coat, Jacob's-coat)--PHM found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2718; Mario J. Hernandez; 26 June 2002).
Ambrosia artemisifolia (common ragweed)--PHM found in a wooded lot next to illegal dump in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2626; Edward T. Putland and Eduardo M. Varona; 20 June 2002).
Annona squamosa (sugar apple; custard apple, sweetsop, anon)--PHM found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2625; Rebecca Sanders; 21 June 2002).
Baccharis halimifolia (salt bush, groundsel bush)--PHM found in a wooded lot next to illegal dump in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2629; Eduardo M. Varona and Edward T. Putland; 20 June 2002).
Bauhinia sp. (orchid tree)--PHM found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2645; Frederick J. Hubbard; 21 June 2002).
Bidens sp. (beggarticks, romerillo, Spanish needle)--PHM found in a wooded lot next to illegal dump in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2628; Eduardo M. Varona and Edward T. Putland; 20 June 2002).
Blechum pyramidatum (Browne's blechum)--PHM found at a residence in Miramar (Broward County; E2002-2389; Mark C. Williams and J. Keith Harris; 14 June 2002).
Bucida buceras (black-olive, gregory wood)--PHM found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2720; Lynda F. Davis; 25 June 2002).
Bursera simaruba (gumbo-limbo, a native species)--PHM found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2725; Warren J. 'Jim' Dowling, Craig J. Landress and Matthew W. Brodie; 25 June 2002).
Calliandra haematocephala (powderpuff)--PHM found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2502; Edward T. Putland and Mario J. Hernandez; 19 June 2002, and E2002-2612; Ana L. Ochoa and Karen W. LeBoutillier; 19 June 2002).
Coccoloba diversifolia (pigeon plum, tietongue)--PHM found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2658; Lori A. Richards; 21 June 2002).
Cocos nucifera (coconut palm)--PHM found at a residence in Miramar (Broward County; E2002-2386; Mark C. Williams and J. Keith Harris; 14 June 2002).
Hamelia patens (firebush)--PHM found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2632; Lynda F. Davis; 21 June 2002).
Ixora sp. (ixora)--PHM found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2506; Edward T. Putland and Mario J. Hernandez; 19 June 2002).
Liatris sp. (a blazing star, a gay feather)--PHM found in a wooded lot next to illegal dump in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2624; Eduardo M. Varona and Edward T. Putland; 20 June 2002).
Livistona chinensis (Chinese fan palm, fountain palm)--PHM found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2644; Walter W. Golden; 21 June 2002).
Philodendron 'Xanadu' (Xanadu philodendron)--PHM found at a residence in Miramar (Broward County; E2002-2384; Scott Shea, Rita J. Carpenter, and J. Keith Harris; 14 June 2002).
Pluchea odorata (sweetscent, stinky plant)--PHM found in a wooded lot next to illegal dump in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2623; Edward T. Putland and Eduardo M. Varona; 20 June 2002).
Portulaca sp. (a purslane)--PHM found at a nursery in Miramar (Broward County; E2002-2815; Gregg Aydelotte and Tim Hall, USDA; 27 June 2002).
Schefflera arboricola (dwarf schefflera)--PHM found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2504; Edward T. Putland and Mario J. Hernandez; 19 June 2002).
Senna sp. (a cassia)--PHM found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2505; Edward T. Putland and Mario J. Hernandez; 19 June 2002).
Trema micranthum (Florida trema, nettletree)--PHM found near a nursery in Hialeah (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2409; Lynda F. Davis and Edward T. Putland; 17 June 2002).
Viburnum sp. (a viburnum)--PHM found at a residence in Miramar (Broward County; E2002-2396; Mark C. Williams and J. Keith Harris; 14 June 2002).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS: Ant heads-- Parathrombium sp., a trombidiid mite: Specimens were collected in a rural area near Durbin Creek (St. John's County; E2002-1616; Christine J. Frere and Flewellyn W. Podris; 2 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD. This is only the second county record for this species in Florida, although the species probably is native to the entire state. The species is parasitic on insects and new to science (Dr. W.C. 'Cal' Welbourn).Calophya schini (a psyllid)-- Aprostocetus sp. (Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae), a parasitic wasp: Several specimens were reared from severe psyllid infestations on Schinus molle (Peruvian peppertree, pirul, pirul tree) in Aguascalientes, Mexico (Aguascalientes State; E2002-2268 and E2002-2274; Bertila Brambila, amateur collector; 14 February 2002 and 13 April 2002). No good identification materials exist for the USA or Mexico for this genus. Some species are primary and some are secondary parasites (Dr. Gregory A. Evans).
Syrphophagus sp. (Encyrtidae), a hyperparasitic wasp: Two specimens were reared from a colony of psyllids on Schinus molle (Peruvian peppertree, pirul; pirul tree) in Aguascalientes, Mexico (Aguascalientes State; E2002-2268; Bertila Brambila, amateur collector; 14 February 2002).
Glycaspis brimblecombei (red gum lerp psyllid)-- Psyllaephagus sp. (Encyrtidae), a parasitic wasp: Several specimens were reared from a severe infestation of psyllids on eucalyptus found at a school in Aguascalientes, Mexico (Aguascalientes State; E2002-2276; Bertila Brambila, amateur collector; 12 May 2002). This is a primary parasitoid (Dr. Gregory A. Evans).
INSECT DETECTION: Antillocoris pilosulus Stål, a seed bug: A specimen was collected at a mercury vapor light in Withlacoochee State Forest (Citrus County; E2002-2303; Julieta Brambila; 11 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.Archispirostreptus gigas , a millipede: A specimen was confiscated at a pet store in Vero Beach (Indian River County; E2002-1787; Kenneth L. Hibbard; 13 May 2002). This exotic species is prohibited in the Florida pet trade (Dr. G.B. Edwards).
Cyrtophora citricola (Forskal), a tentweb weaver: A specimen was found at a discount store in Gainesville (Alachua County; E2002-1794; Julieta Brambila; 14 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Geocoris uliginosus (Say), a bigeyed bug: A specimen was found at Withlacoochee State Forest (Citrus County; E2002-2320; Dr. Mark Deyrup, Archbold Biological Station; 11 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Heraeus plebejus Stål, a seed bug: A specimen was found at a mercury vapor light in Withlacoochee State Forest (Citrus County; E2002-2303; Julieta Brambila; 11 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Heterobostrychus sp., a bostrichid beetle: A specimen emerged from a reed basket imported, possibly from China, and found in Ft. Myers (Lee County; E2002-1741; Paul Choppell, homeowner; 28 April 2002). This is an exotic beetle (Dr. Michael C. Thomas).
Lasiomerus andabata Kershner, a damsel bug: A specimen was found in a yellow pan trap at Archbold Biological Station (Highlands County; E2002-1686; Dr. Mark Deyrup, Archbold Biological Station; 26 May 1999). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Lygaeospilus tripunctatus (Dallas), a seed bug: A specimen was collected in Withlacoochee State Forest at a mercury vapor light (Citrus County; E2002-2303; Julieta Brambila, 11 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Neopamera albocincta (Barber), a seed bug: A specimen was collected at a mercury vapor light in Withlacoochee State Forest (Citrus County; E2002-2303; Julieta Brambila; 11 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Ozophora trinotata Barber, a seed bug: A specimen was collected at a mercury vapor light in Withlacoochee State Forest (Citrus County; E2002-2303; Julieta Brambila; 11 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Pagasa confusa Kershner, a damsel bug: A specimen was caught in a yellow bowl trap near Lake Annie, Archbold Biological Station (Highlands County; E2002-1687; Dr. Mark Deyrup, Archbold Biological Station; 27 May 1999). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Perigenes similis Barber, a seed bug: A specimen was collected at a mercury vapor light in Withlacoochee State Forest (Citrus County; E2002-2303; Julieta Brambila; 11 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Phidippus sp., a jumping spider: A juvenile specimen was collected in Phoenix dactylifera plants shipped from California to a nursery in Crescent City (Putnam County; E2002-2043; Sol L. Looker; 24 May 2002). This species is not native to Florida (Dr. G.B. Edwards).
Pholcus sp., a spider: A specimen was found in containers of marble slabs and tiles from India in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2286; Lynda F. Davis; 7 June 2002). This is not a Florida species (Dr. G.B. Edwards).
Pseudopachybrachius basalis (Dallas), a seed bug: A specimen was collected at a mercury vapor light in Withlacoochee State Forest (Citrus County; E2002-2303; Julieta Brambila; 11 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Rhizoecus hibisci Kawai & Tagaki, a root mealybug: A slight infestation was found on unidentifiable plants from a nursery in North Ft. Myers (Lee County; E2002-1898; Reuben E. Sibert; 20 May 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Selenops galapagoensis Banks, a spider: A specimen was found at a park in Davie (Broward County; E2002-1662; Sheryl L. Costello, USDA, Ft. Lauderdale; 27 February 2002). Although described from the Galapagos Islands, this species is also known to occur throughout Central America. Subsequent to the first Florida collection, several more specimens were collected from the same locality (Dr. G.B. Edwards). NEW DPI STATE RECORD.
Sinoxylon anale Lesne, a bostrichid beetle: A severe infestation was intercepted in a shipment from Singapore in Orlando (Orange County; E2002-1911; Terrence D. Williams; 20 May 2002). This is an exotic false powderpost beetle (Dr. Michael C. Thomas).
Steatoda borealis (Hentz), a spider: A specimen was found in Venice (Sarasota County; E2002-1618; Phillip G. Baioni and L. Wayne Clifton; 1 May 2002). NEW DPI STATE RECORD. This is a northern species, rarely even found in Georgia (Dr. G.B. Edwards).
Theridion melanostictum O.P.-Cambridge, a spider: Two specimens were found in a dumpster in packing material from Indonesia in Largo (Pinellas County; E2002-2131; Lt. Karry Bell, Largo Police; 3 June 2002). This is a species introduced from the Middle East and established in South Florida (Dr. G.B. Edwards). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Zygoribatula undulata (Berlese), an oribatid mite: Specimens were found on cubicle walls and lights at an electronics company in Tampa (Hillsborough County; E2002-1323; John Rhyne, company employee; 12 April 2002). NEW DPI STATE RECORD. This mite is found in warm regions worldwide. It does not bite humans. (Gay M. Fortier).
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NEMATOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by Paul S. Lehman, Ph.D.
A total of 2,850 samples were processed in May and June of 2002. Details are shown below:
| Certification and Regulatory Samples: | Other Samples: |
| Multistate Certification for National
and International Export 1,641 California Certification 749 Premovement (Citrus Nursery Certification) 124 Site or Pit Approval (Citrus Nursery Certification) 15 |
Identification 4
Plant Problems 57 Intrastate Survey Random 260 |
Nematodes of Special Interest
Brugmasia 'Sunray' (an angel's trumpet). -- Meloidogyne mayaguensis Ramah & Hirschmann 1988, a root-knot nematode, was found infecting the roots of this ornamental plant (Palm Beach County; N02-815; Dr. Janete A. Brito, Thomas L. Salisbury, and Christine A. Zamora; 27 June 2002). This is a new host record for this nematode.
Tecomaria capensis (cape honeysuckle). -- Meloidogyne mayaguensis Ramah & Hirschmann 1988, a root-knot nematode, was found infecting the roots of this ornamental plant (Palm Beach County; N02-00817; Dr. Janete A. Brito, Thomas L. Salisbury, and Christine A. Zamora; 27 June 2002). This is a new host record for this nematode.
Tibouchina 'Compacta' (a glory bush). -- Meloidogyne mayaguensis Ramah & Hirschmann 1988, a root-knot nematode, was found infecting the roots of this ornamental plant (Palm Beach County; N02-00816; Dr. Janete A. Brito, Thomas L. Salisbury, and Christine A. Zamora; 27 June 2002). This is a new host record for this nematode.
Tibouchina elegans (a glory bush). -- Meloidogyne mayaguensis Ramah & Hirschmann 1988, a root-knot nematode, was found infecting the roots of this ornamental plant (Palm Beach County; N02-00818; Dr. Janete A. Brito, Thomas L. Salisbury, and Christine A. Zamora; 27 June 2002). This is a new host record for this nematode.
COLLECTORS SUBMITTING FIVE OR MORE SAMPLES THAT WERE PROCESSED FOR NEMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS DURING MAY AND JUNE 2002:Aguila, Jose G. 219
Baron, Osmund O. 11
Clifton, Lloyd Wayne 9
Etchells, Karen L. 12
Fuller, Samuel A 184
LeBoutillier, Karen W 211
Mayer, George G. 9
Ooms, Laura L. 26
Pate, JoAnne 73
Putland, Edward T. 17
Qiao, Ping 99
Robinson, William L 'Robbie' 155
Salisbury, Thomas L 215
Sibert, Ruben E. 11
Stone, Carrie S. 85
Walukiewicz, James J. 8
Wilder, Barbara J. 20
Wilber, Leslie J 10
PLANT PATHOLOGY
Compiled by: Robert M. Leahy
For this period the Plant Pathology section received and processed 2,617 specimens. These included 1,721 Pathology, 11 Miscellaneous, 6 Soil samples. 827 Citrus Canker diagnoses were performed, including full pathogenicity tests on 29 samples from South Florida, 2 from West Coast Florida, 8 from South West Coast Florida, 13 from Central Coast Florida, and 0 from North Central Florida. Some of the samples are reported below:
ORNAMENTALS, WOODY PLANTS AND PALMS: Bucida buceras (black olive)-- Acremonium sp., a wilt: Collected at a dooryard in Homestead (Miami-Dade County; P2002-2489; William 'Bill' R. Graves, University of Florida's Tropical Research and Education Center; 10 May 2002). NEW HOST RECORD.
Guaiacum sanctum (lignum-vitae, a Florida endangered species)-- Sphaceloma sp., a spot anthracnose: Collected at a dooryard in Homestead (Miami-Dade County; P2002-2490; William 'Bill' R. Graves, University of Florida's Tropical Research and Education Center; 10 May 2002). NEW HOST RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FOLIAGE PLANTS: Alternanthera ficoidea (Joseph's coat)-- Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich, a secondary pathogen: Collected at a nursery in Lake Buena Vista (Orange County; P2002-3274; Barbara J. Wilder; 10 June 2002). NEW HOST RECORD.Ophiopogon japonicum (mondo grass)-- Pyrenochaeta sp., a secondary pathogen: Collected at a dooryard in Altamonte Springs (Seminole County; P2002-2665; Larry Smith;16 May 2002). NEW HOST RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FLOWERING PLANTS: Verbena x hybrida 'Aztec Plum'™ (a verbena cultivar)-- Pyrenochaeta sp., a leaf spot: Collected at a dooryard in Ft. McCoy (Marion County; P2002-2522; Floyd J. McHenry, Robert M. Leahy, Jodi L. Hansen, and David A. Davison; 15 May 2002). NEW HOST RECORD.
WEED AND GRASSES: Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass)-- Sphacelia state of Claviceps africana Frederickson, Mantle & DeMilliano, sorghum ergot: Collected at a dooryard in Thonotossassa (Hillsborough County; P2002-3997; Heather L. Sadler and Terry L. Gater; 12 June 2002). NEW HOST RECORD.
