TRI-OLOGY, Vol.
41, No. 5
Mark A. Garland, Managing Editor
SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 2002
Wayne N. Dixon, Ph. D., Editor
| Botany Section | Entomology Section | Nematology Section | Plant Pathology Section |
BOTANY SECTION
Compiled by Carlos R. Artaud
For this period, 155 specimens were submitted for identification, and 956 were received from other Sections for identification and/or name verification (total 1,111). Some of the samples not previously described in Tri-ology:
Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.) Blume ex Decne. (genus of 90 species, tropics of Old World), Araceae, telingo potato: Stemless perennial, growing from a corm. Leaves 1, occasionally 2, produced after flowering, petioles stout, trunk-like, 7 dm long, or more, smooth or prickly, spotted gray-green, leaf blade ca. 1 m wide, 3-parted, each division 2-pinnatifid. Inflorescence on a 10-cm-long peduncle; spathe subcampanulate-funnelform, to 20 cm long and 25 cm across, widely expanded above, greenish and spotted white outside, reddish purple in the throat, becoming whitish on upper part inside; spadix to 30 cm long, dilated above, the sterile apex expanded, globose-conic, spongy, deep-purple, emitting a disagreeable odor. Cultivated as a rarity. Corms used for food in its native range. From India to Vietnam, Philippine Islands, and New Guinea. (Polk County: B2002-539; Stephen A. Bohnstedt; 10 October 2002). (Bailey 1976).
Dioscorea alata L. (genus of ca. 850 species, tropics and warm temperate regions worldwide), Dioscoreaceae, white yam, water yam: Stout, high-climbing, dioecious vine from a tuber up to 2.5 m long; stem 4-winged or -angled, twining clockwise, often with small axillary tubers. Leaves opposite; petioles slender, as long as or shorter than the blades; blades broadly ovate to sagittate-cordate, 7-15 cm long, base cordate, palmately 7-9-veined, acuminate at apex. Male flowers in branched spikes, perianth 2 mm across; stamens mostly 6. Female flowers distant, in simple spikes. Capsule glossy, elliptic, 3-winged, 1.5-2 cm long and nearly 3 cm in diameter. The large storage roots provide one of the chief foods in many regions. Listed as a Noxious Weed in Florida. Native of India and Malay Peninsula, introduced throughout the tropics. (Broward County; B2002-589; Stacey S. Simmons; 24 October 2002). (Bailey 1976; Correll and Correll 1982; Huxley 1992). [Differs from another invasive exotic yam, air-potato (Dioscorea bulbifera L.), in its winged stems, opposite leaves, and underground as well as aerial tubers. Native Florida yams, sporadically distributed from Hillsborough County north, lack aerial tubers and have smaller leaves than these exotics. See for more information. Mark A. Garland.]
Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray (genus of 1 species, North America), Cucurbitaceae, wild cucumber, wild mock-cucumber: High climbing tuberous annual or perennial; tendrils opposite the leaves, 3-parted. Leaves 12 cm long and wide, usually with 3-5 sharply triangular lobes; margins denticulate to serrulate. Flowers 5-6-merous, greenish or white; male flowers in long racemes or panicles; female flowers short pedunculate, solitary or in small clusters from the same axils as the staminate flowers; corolla about 1 cm across; stamens 3, united by their filaments into a column, the nearly straight anthers connivent; ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Fruit ovoid, 3-5 cm long, bladder-like, beaked at the summit, dehiscent by 2 pores at apex, pulpy, but becoming dry and fibrous within, covered with soft prickles 6 mm long. Seeds white to dark gray, reticulate. Throughout continental U.S.A. and south central Canada. (Douglas County, Wisconsin; B2002-548; Susan E. Halbert; 26 August 2002). (Correll and Johnston 1970; Radford et al. 1968).
Heteropterys beecheyana Juss. (genus of 120 species, Mexico to Argentina, with 1 species in west Africa), Malpighiaceae, sobach, chacanicab: Vine, often climbing over trees, branches with numerous lenticels, when young densely appressed-pubescent. Leaves ovate to elliptic, to 7 cm long and 4 cm wide, obtuse or retuse and mucronate at apex, glabrate with age, persistently tomentose on the underside with long, scattered hairs, the blade usually bearing 2-6 glands on the underside near the base. Flowers in 4-6-flowered umbels, these arranged in large panicles; calyx glandular, sepal glands oval, 1-1.5 mm long; petals lilac-rose, margins in part glandular-ciliate; stamens 10; style dilated at apex. Samaras dark or purplish-red in age, appressed pilose, the body usually bearing 1-3 small wings on each side, dorsal wing 2-2.5 cm long, very thin, rounded at the apex. Rare in cultivation. Native to Mexico, Belize to El Salvador and Panama, Colombia and Venezuela to Bolivia. (Miami-Dade County; B2002-481; Louis T. Lodyga; 13 September 2002). (Mabberley 1997; Standley and Steyermark 1976).
Pteris vittata L. (genus of 250 species, cosmopolitan), Pteridaceae, ladder brake fern: Rhizomes short and stout, densely covered with matted reddish-brown scales. Fronds 2-8 dm long, rachis 4-angled, covered with filiform brownish scales; blades firm, elliptic-lanceolate, pinnate, terminated by a linear-elongate pinna 5-25 cm long, or longer; pinnae sessile, linear-lanceolate, alternate, progressively larger from base of frond to tip, with serrulate margin, dilated at base, 6-9 mm wide; veins multi-branched. Sori marginal, linear, continuous. Escaped from cultivation. Native of eastern Asia. (Alachua County; B2002-509; Jim Notestein, homeowner; 30 September 2002). (Correll and Correll 1982). [Usually on limestone, masonry, or other calcareous substrates. See also “Flora of North America Editorial Committee” (1993), Wunderlin and Hansen (2000). Mark A. Garland.]
Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. (genus of 25 species, Indomalaysia to Australia), Euphorbiaceae, sweetleaf bush, kartuk, star-gooseberry: Monoecious shrub to 3.5 m tall. Leaves alternate, oblong to orbicular, 2-7.5 cm long and 1-3 cm wide, glaucous, margins entire. Flowers in dense axillary fascicles, first producing 1 to few female, afterwards several male flowers, corolla absent, calyx persistent, dark red or with dark red dots on a yellowish background; calyx of male flowers orbicular, 6-10 mm in diameter, stamens 3, connate; calyx of female flowers 6-cleft, lobes 6-8 mm broad, stigma 3-branched, red, each branch bilobate. Fruit a capsule, globose to slightly 6-angular, to 1.5 cm in diameter, white or slightly flushed with pink or purplish, dehiscing with 3 valves. Often planted in home gardens as a living fence, serving as a vegetable and a source of medicine. The leaves are also used for dyeing foodstuff. Origin unknown, but it occurs from southern China and Sri Lanka throughout southeast Asia, mainly in cultivation, but also in the wild. (Hillsborough County; B2002-550; Karen ‘Lea’ Etchells; 15 October 2002). (Baker and Bakhuizen Van Den Brink, Jr. 1963; Siemonsa and Kasem Piluek 1994).
[See http://www.nationaalherbarium.nl/euphorbs/Sauropus.htm for a description and photographs. Recently, in Taiwan, several hundred people who drank an extract of the leaves in order to lose weight developed a severe inflammation of the lungs. Some required lung transplants. See Chang et al. (1998), available at http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/content/full/157/2/594. Mark A. Garland.]
GLOSSARY: acuminate: having a long, slender, sharp point; connivent: coming together but connected as a same organ; corm: a bulblike underground structure made of the enlarged fleshy base of a stem; a bulb, in contrast, is made of fleshy modified leaves; dioecious: having stamens and pistils on separate individuals; filiform: thread-like; glaucous: covered with a whitish or bluish bloom; lenticel: a small breathing pore in the bark of trees and shrubs; monoecious: having stamens and pistils in separate flowers on the same plant; mucronate: with a broad blunt apex ending abruptly in a sharp tip or spine; perianth: the calyx and corolla collectively; pinnatifid: deeply cut into segments nearly to the midrib; rachis: the axis of a compound leaf, spike, or raceme, the main ribs of a frond; retuse: having a blunt apex with a central notch; samara: a dry, one-seeded, winged fruit; sessile: stalkless; sorus, sori (pl.): in ferns, a cluster of sporangia (sacs producing spores); spadix: an inflorescence consisting of a central fleshy column bearing many tiny flowers, surrounded by a large bract or spathe; spathe: a single large bract surrounding or below an inflorescence.
REFERENCES:
- Backer, C. A. and R. C. Bakhuizen Van Den Brink, Jr. Flora of Java (v.1): 471.
- L. H. Bailey Hortorium Staff. 1976. Hortus third, a concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. 1,290 p.
- Chang, Y.-L., Y.-T. Yao, N.-S. Wang, and Y.-C Lee. 1998. Segmental necrosis of small bronchi after prolonged intakes of Sauropus androgynus in Taiwan. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 157: 594-598.
- Correll, D. S. and H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama Archipelago. J. Cramer, Hirschberg, Germany. 1,692 p.
- Correll, D. S. and M. C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. Texas Research Foundation, Renner. 1,881 p.
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 1993. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press, New York. 475 p.
- Huxley, A. J. (ed.) 1992. New Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 4 vols. Macmillan, London. 3,240 p.
- Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press. 858 p.
- Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles and C. R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 1,183 p.
- Siemonsma, J. S. and Kasem Piluek (eds.) 1994. Plant resources of south-east Asia. No. 8, Vegetables. PROSEA Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. 412 p.
- Standley, P. C. and J. A. Steyermark. 1976. Flora of Guatemala (v.5): 483.
- Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. 806 p.
- Wunderlin, R. P. and B. Hansen. 2000. Flora of Florida. Vol. 1. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. 365 p.
ENTOMOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by Susan E.
Halbert, Ph.D.
For the month of September, there were 541 samples, consisting of ca. 24,643 specimens. In October, there were 730 samples, consisting of ca. 43,982 specimens. Some of the samples are listed below:
ORNAMENTALS, WOODY PLANTS AND PALMS: Bambusa oldhamii (Oldham bamboo)-- Trionymus lumpurensis Takahashi, a mealybug: A severe infestation was found at an amusement park in Lake Buena Vista (Orange County; E2002-4163; Barbara J. Wilder; 4 September 2002). NEW USA CONTINENTAL RECORD.
Caryota mitis (Burmese fishtail palm, clustered fishtail palm, tukas)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a weevil: A severe infestation was found at an apartment complex in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-5098; Edward T. Putland; 22 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Erythrina variegata (coral tree, sunshine tree)-- Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), pink hibiscus mealybug: A severe infestation was found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4797; Rebecca Sanders, Jose G. Aguila, and Keith J. Richardson; 4 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Ficus benjamina (weeping fig)-- Jutarus ?benjaminae Boczek & Chandrapatya, an eriophyid mite: A severe infestation was found at a commercial establishment in Apopka (Orange County; E2002-4403; Lance S. Osborne, University of Florida, Mid-Florida Research & Education Center, Apopka; 19 September 2002). NEW USA CONTINENTAL RECORD. Still pending.
Livistona chinensis (Chinese fan palm, fountain palm)-- Palmicultor palmarum (Ehrhorn), a mealybug: A moderate infestation involving 25 plants was found at a nursery in Bunnell (Flagler County; E2002-3978; Raymond C. Jarrett, Jr.; 26 August 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Lysiloma latisiliquum (wild tamarind, false tamarind)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a weevil: A severe infestation was found at a residence in Miami Lakes (Miami-Dade County; E2002-3914; Lynda F. Davis; 22 August 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Montanoa grandiflora (daisy tree)-- Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin), lobate lac scale: A slight infestation was found at a residence in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-5189; Gwen H. Myres; 25 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD
Phoenix roebelenii (pygmy date palm)-- Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin), lobate lac scale: A slight infestation was found at a residence in Plantation (Broward County; E2002-5383; Karolynne M. Griffiths and Chris Griffiths, both USDA/APHIS/PPQ; 3 November 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Pongamia pinnata (karum tree, poonga oil-tree, pongam)-- Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), pink hibiscus mealybug: A moderate infestation was found at a nursery in Hialeah Gardens (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4824; Eduardo G. Camero and Jose G. Aguila; 9 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Ptychosperma elegans (Alexander palm; solitaire palm)-- Vinsonia stellifera (Westwood), stellate scale: A slight infestation on one plant was found at an apartment complex in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-5096; Edward T. Putland; 22 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Senna pallida (busy senna, mosquito bush)-- Mitrapsylla albalineata Crawford, a psyllid: A slight infestation was found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-1005; Duraid I. Hanna; 26 March 2002 and E2002-4022; 29 August 2002). NEW USA CONTINENTAL RECORD. This psyllid is widespread on Senna in Mexico. The March sample in Florida contained only females, and males are needed for identification. Additional specimens, including males, were found in late August (Dr. Susan E. Halbert and Dr. Daniel H. Burckhardt, Naturhistorisches Museum, Switzerland).
Syagrus romanzoffiana (queen palm)-- Rhizoecus hibisci Kawai & Tagaki, a root mealybug: A moderate infestation was found at a nursery in Homestead (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4680; Duraid I Hanna, Dr. Susan E. Halbert, Dr. Greg S. Hodges, and Mark A. Garland; 2 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD
ORNAMENTALS, FOLIAGE PLANTS: Aloe vera (aloe)-- Aloephagus myersi Essig, aloe vera aphid: A slight infestation was intercepted on plants from California at a discount store in Deltona (Volusia County; E2002-4712; Stacey S. Simmons; 2 October 2002). This is the first record we have for this aphid in Florida. It was described from California, but is native to Africa. It is found in greenhouses in Europe as well (Dr. Susan E. Halbert).
Calophyllum antillanum (Santa Maria, mast wood, Alexander laurel, beauty leaf)-- Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), pink hibiscus mealybug: A moderate infestation was found at a residence in Pembroke Pines (Broward County; E2002-5135; George N. Louissaint; 22 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Calophyllum inophyllum (Alexandrian laurel, Indiapoon, beauty-leaf)-- Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), pink hibiscus mealybug: A slight infestation was found at a residence in Miramar (Broward County; E2002-4266; George N. Louissaint; 11 September 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Crassula sp. (crassula)-- Vryburgia trionymoides (DeLotto), a mealybug: A slight infestation was intercepted on five of 20 plants from California at a discount store in Leesburg (Lake County; E2002-4328; Stephen P. Beidler; 17 September 2002).
Fatsia japonica (Japanese fatsia)-- Coccus viridis (Green), green scale: A slight infestation on 50 plants was found at a nursery in Apopka (Orange County; E2002-4983; Luis A. Arocho and Karen S. Koby). 16 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Gramineae (bamboo)-- Oligonychus grypus Baker & Pritchard, a spider mite: An infestation was found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4699; Gwen H. Myres, Mark A. Garland, Dr. Susan E. Halbert, and Dr. Greg S. Hodges; 1 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Murraya paniculata (orange-jessamine, orange-jasmine, chinese box)-- Aleuroclava minuta (Singh), a whitefly: A slight infestation was found at an amusement park in Lake Buena Vista (Orange County; E2002-4306; Barbara J. Wilder, Dr. Greg S. Hodges, and Dr. Susan E. Halbert; 18 September 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Aleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi), jasmine whitefly: A slight infestation was found at a residence in Hialeah (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4673; Edward T. Putland, Dr. Susan E. Halbert, and Dr. Greg S. Hodges; 3 October 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FLOWERING PLANTS: Allamanda violacea (purple allamanda)-- Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli (Cooley), magnolia white scale: A moderate infestation was found on 1% of 60 plants at a nursery in Hialeah Gardens (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4976; Lynda F. Davis; 7 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Calanthe sp. (orchid)-- Aleurodicus dugesii Cockerell, giant whitefly: A slight infestation was found at a residence in Orlando (Orange County; E2002-4315; Barbara J. Wilder; 14 September 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Cestrum diurnum (day-blooming jasmine)-- Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), pink hibiscus mealybug: A slight infestation was found at a residence in Hialeah (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4666; Edward T. Putland, Dr. Susan E. Halbert, and Dr. Greg S. Hodges; 3 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Clerodendrum bungei (rose glorybower, strong scented glorybower)-- Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), pink hibiscus mealybug: A slight infestation was found at a nursery in Margate (Broward County; E2002-4598; J. Keith Harris; 1 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Costus guanaiensis (cana de India)-- Ceroplastes rubens Maskell, red wax scale: A slight infestation was found at a botanical garden in Maimi (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4681; Gwen H. Myres, Dr. Greg S. Hodges, Dr. Susan E. Halbert, and Mark A. Garland; 1 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibiscus)-- Liothrips varicornis Moulton, a thrips: A slight to moderate infestation was found at a residence in Cudjoe (Monroe County; E2002-4045; Lynn D. Howerton; 27 August 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Aleurodicus dugesii Cockerell, giant whitefly: A slight infestation was found at a nursery in Alva (Lee County; E2002-4365; Lori A. Richards; 16 September 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Hibiscus tiliaceus (mahoe, seaside hibiscus)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a weevil: A moderate infestation was found at a residence in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4515; Lynda F. Davis; 20 September 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Pachystachys lutea (yellow shrimp plant)-- Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin), lobate lac scale: A slight infestation was found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4696; Keith J. Richardson; 1 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Poinsettia cyathophora (wild poinsettia, fire-on-the-mountain, paintedleaf)-- Chariesterus antennator (Fabricius), a coreid bug: A slight infestation was found on a plant in a natural area in Okeechobee (Okeechobee County; E2002-4551; James E. Bennett; 26 September 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
FOREST AND SHADE TREES: Acer rubrum (red maple)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a weevil: A severe infestation was found along a roadside in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4133; Lynda F. Davis; 4 September 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Celtis laevigata (hackberry, sugarberry)-- Shivaphis celti Das, Asian woolly hackberry aphid: A slight infestation was found on a plant in a natural area in Okeechobee (Okeechobee County; E2002-4553; James E. Bennett; 26 September 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Eucalyptus crebra (narrowleaf red ironbark)-- Blastopsylla occidentalis Taylor, a eucalpytus psyllid: A slight infestation was found at Chapman Field in Kendall (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4697; Dr. Susan E. Halbert, Mark A. Garland, and Dr. Greg Hodges; 2 October 2002). This is the first record of the psyllid on a plant in Miami-Dade County.
Morus alba (white mulberry)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a weevil: A moderate infestation was found at a residence in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4509; Lynda F. Davis; 24 September 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)-- Oracella acuta (Lobdell), loblolly mealybug: A severe infestation involving 200 of 400 plants in a pulpwood crop was found at Jay (Santa Rosa County; E2002-4601; Laura L. Ooms; 30 September 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Salix caroliniana (coastal plain willow, Carolina willow)-- Paratachardina lobata (Chamberlin), lobate lac scale: An infestation was found at a residence in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4517; Lynda F. Davis; 20 September 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
FOOD AND CROP PLANTS: Cocos nucifera (coconut palm)-- Vinsonia stellifera (Westwood), stellate scale: A slight infestation was found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-5002; Gwen H. Myres and Duraid I. Hanna; 17 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Glycine max (soybean)-- Aphis glycines Matsumura, soybean aphid: A slight infestation was found in Blairsville, Georgia (Union County; E2002-4291; Robert McPherson, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, University of Georgia, Tifton; 10 September 2002). This is a new state record for Georgia. The aphids are in the northern part of Georgia. Subsequent surveys in northern Florida were negative for soybean aphids (Dr. Susan E. Halbert).
Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil, basil)-- Argyrogramma verruca (Fabricius), golden looper moth: An infestation was found at a residence in Gainesville (Alachua County; E2002-4837; Gary Brinen, University of Florida Extension Service; October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Pachira aquatica (Guinea chestnut, water chestnut, provision tree)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a weevil: A moderate infestation was found at a residence in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-3984; Lynda F. Davis; 26 August 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Solanum melongena var. esculentum (eggplant)-- Aleurodicus dugesii Cockerell, giant whitefly: A severe infestation was found at a residence in Gainesville (Alachua County; E2002-4077; Dr. Gerald L. Benny, University of Florida Plant Pathology Department; 25 August 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Spinacia oleracea (spinach)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a weevil: A severe infestation was found at a residence in Lauderhill (Broward County; E2002-5142; Roberto Hernandez, USDA; 22 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
WEEDS AND GRASSES: Cyperus odoratus (fragrant flatsedge)-- Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell), pineapple mealybug: A slight infestation was found along a roadside near Hialeah (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4667; Edward T. Putland, Dr. Susan E. Halbert, Dr. Greg Hodges, and Mark A. Garland; 3 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Equisetum hyemale (scouring-rush, horsetail)-- Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell), pineapple mealybug: A slight infestation was found along a roadside near Hialeah (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4650; Edward T. Putland, Dr. Susan E. Halbert, Dr. Greg Hodges, and Mark A. Garland; 3 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, papaya mealybug: A slight infestation was found along a roadside near Hialeah (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4674; Edward T. Putland, Dr. Susan E. Halbert, Dr. Greg Hodges, and Mark A. Garland; 3 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Eupatorium capillifolium (dogfennel)-- Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), pink hibiscus mealybug: A slight infestation was found along a roadside near Hialeah (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4652; Edward T. Putland, Dr. Susan E. Halbert, Dr. Greg Hodges, and Mark A. Garland; 3 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Ludwigia octovalvis (Mexican primrose-willow)-- Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), pink hibiscus mealybug: A slight infestation was found along a roadside near Hialeah (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4654; Edward T. Putland, Dr. Susan E. Halbert, Dr. Greg Hodges, and Mark A. Garland; 3 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Muhlenbergia capillaris (hairawn muhly)-- Stemmatomerinx acircula Howell & Miller, a mealybug: A slight infestation was found at an IFAS unit in Immokalee (Collier County; E2002-4397; R. Roan, University of Florida, Southwest Florida Research & Education Center, Immokalee; 16 September 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Oplismenus hirtellus (woodgrass, basketgrass)-- Pseudoregma panicola (Takahashi), an aphid: A moderate infestation was found in a state park in Gainesville (Alachua County; E2002-5331; Mark A. Garland, 3 November 2002). This aphid was introduced from Asia many years ago, but is rarely collected. The species produces distinctive soldier morphs armed with long spines on their heads and fortified front legs (Dr. Susan E. Halbert).
Pennisetum setaceum (red fountaingrass)-- Haliaspis asymmetrica (Ferris), asymmetrical scale: A moderate to severe infestation was found at a residence in St. Cloud (Osceola County; E2002-4237; Terrence D. Williams; 11 September 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD, NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Ruellia brittoniana (Mexican petunia)-- Tetraleurodes ursorum (Cockerell), a whitefly: A severe infestation was found at a residence in North Miami Beach (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4865; Gwen H. Myres; 10 October 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Stenotaphrum secundatum (St. Augustine grass)-- Aleurocybotus graminicolus (Quaintance), a whitefly: An infestation was found on the University of Florida campus in Gainesville (Alachua County; E2002-4459; J. Cara Congden, University of Florida student, 23 September 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Syzygium cumini (jambolan plum, Java plum, black plum, jamun, duhat)-- Myllocerus undatus Marshall, a weevil: A moderate infestation was found at a residence in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-3981; Lynda F. Davis; 23 August 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
NATIVE AND NATURALIZED PLANTS: Arundinaria gigantea (giant cane, canebrake, bamboo, southern cane, switch cane)-- Trionymus lumpurensis Takahashi, a mealybug: A slight infestation was found at an amusement park in Lake Buena Vista (Orange County; E2002-4303; Barbara J. Wilder, Dr. Greg S. Hodges, and Dr. Susan E. Halbert; 18 September 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Coccoloba uvifera (seagrape)-- Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), pink hibiscus mealybug: A slight infestation was found at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4856; Jose G. Aguila and Eduardo G. Camero; 9 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Zanthoxylum fagara (wild-lime, lime prickly-ash)-- Leuronota fagarae Burckhardt, a zanthoxylum psyllid: A severe infestation was found on the University of Florida campus in Gainesville (Alachua County; E2002-5273; Anthony W. Camerino and Dr. Thomas C. Emmel, University of Florida, Gainesville; 29 October 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Zanthoxylum flavum (West Indian satinwood, yellowheart, yellow wood, yellowheart pricklyash)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: An infestation was found at a park in Homestead (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4690; Mark A. Garland, Duraid I. Hanna, Dr. Greg S. Hodges, and Dr. Susan E. Halbert; 3 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
BENEFICIAL INSECTS: Holopothrips cf. inquilinus (tabebuia thrips)-- Montandoniola moraguesi (Paton), a minute pirate bug: Several specimens were found feeding on the thrips in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-5207; Holly B. Glenn; 14 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Metaleurodicus cardini (a whitefly)-- Encarsia variegata Howard, an aphelinid parasite: Fifteen specimens were reared from a collection of whiteflies on Psidium guajava from a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4852; Jose G. Aguila; 10 October 2002). NEW DPI HOST RECORD FOR PARASITE.
Mitrapsylla albalineata (a senna psyllid)-- Psyllaephagus sp., a primary parasitic wasp (Encyrtidae): A specimen was reared from a collection of the new Mitrapsylla albalineata (see above) found on Senna at a nursery in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4693; Mark A.Garland, Duraid I. Hanna, Dr. Greg S. Hodges, and Dr. Susan E. Halbert; 2 October 2002).
FEDERAL/STATE PLANT PROTECTION & QUARANTINE PROGRAMS: Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) complex, oriental fruit fly complex: A single male was captured in a methyl-eugenol baited Jackson trap in Citrus X paradisi (grapefruit) in Orlando (Orange County: E2002-4168; Tom Bass, USDA; 6 September 2002). Another oriental fruit fly was detected in the Orlando vicinity in August 2002 (Dr. Gary J. Steck).
Olea europaea (olive)-- Bactrocera (Daculus) oleae (Gmelin), olive fruit fly: Twelve specimens (larvae and pupae) were intercepted on fruit-bearing trees shipped from California to an amusement park in Lake Buena Vista (Orange County; E2002-4861; Barbara J. Wilder; 10 October 2002). NEW DPI STATE RECORD. Four fruits were heavily riddled with larval feeding damage. Olive fruit fly is an ancient and serious pest of olive fruits, having been recorded as early as the 3rd century B.C. Its only known hosts are various Olea species. It occurs in the Mediterranean countries, the Middle East, and along the east coast of Africa to South Africa. Olive fruit fly causes severe economic loss if left unchecked. It was first detected in California in 1998 and has now spread widely there (Dr. Gary J. Steck).
ARTHROPODS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IMPORTANCE: Latrodectus hesperus Chamberlin & Ivie, western widow: A specimen was intercepted in a shipment of rosemary topiaries from California at a discount store in Naples (Collier County; E2002-5332; Scott D. Kruger; 31 October 2002). This species does not occur in Florida (Dr. G.B. Edwards).
ARTHROPOD DETECTION: Anadenobolus monilicornis (von Porat), a millipede: A moderate infestation was found at the Deering Estate in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4243; Dr. Alice Warren-Bradley, Deering Estate employee; 8 September 2002). This species is recently introduced and occurs in large numbers (Dr. G. B. Edwards).
Blastopsylla occidentalis Taylor, a eucalyptus psyllid: Two specimens were collected in a suction trap in Kendall (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4806; Gwen H. Myres; 7 June 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD, confirmed by presence on plant (see above).
Cheiracanthium sp., a spider: A juvenile specimen was intercepted in a shipment of flowers from Hawaii at the airport in Orlando (Orange County; E2002-4195; Terrence D. Williams; 9 September 2002). This species does not occur in Florida (Dr. G.B. Edwards).
Ero pensacolae Ivie & Barrows, a spider: A slight infestation was found under fallen palm fronds at a natural area in Lorida (Highlands County; E2002-4749; Kenneth L. Hibbard; 4 October 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Hylesinus varius (Lefkovitch), a scolytid beetle: A specimen was collected after it emerged from imported wood furniture in Coral Gables (Miami-Dade County; E2002-4796; customer; 30 September 2002). This is an exotic species from Europe usually associated with ash (Dr. Lawrence Kirkendall, University of Bergen, Norway).
Leucauge regnyi (Simon), a spider: A specimen was intercepted in grapefruit from the Bahamas in Ft. Pierce (St. Lucie County; E2002-4413; James J. Walukiewicz; 19 September 2002). This species has not been collected previously in Florida (Dr. G.B. Edwards).
Lithobius forficatus (Linnaeus), a centipede: A specimen was found floating alive in a cup of processed orange juice bottled 12 days prior in Okeechobee (Okeechobee County; E2002-5085; Catherine G. Rolen, Quality Manager, citrus bottling company; 25 September 2002). This is a European species that has been introduced sporadically across North America including both the US and Canada, but apparently primarily in the north. There are no previous Florida records (Dr. Rowland M. Shelley, North Carolina State Museum of Natural History).
Ochrimnus mimulus (Stål), a seed bug: A specimen was collected at a light near a building in Ft. Pierce (St. Lucie County; E2002-4896; Kenneth L. Hibbard; 9 October 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Phytoseius coheni (Swirski & Shechter), a phytoseiid mite: Several specimens were found at a residence in Miami (Miami-Dade County; E2002-2494; Lynda F. Davis; 13 June 2002). NEW USA CONTINENTAL RECORD. This species in known from Hong Kong, Taiwan, India, and the Philippines. It is a predator (Dr. Warren C. ‘Cal’ Welbourn).
Pseudopachybracius basalis (Dallas), a seed bug: A specimen was found under fallen palm fronds in Pinelands Natural Area near Ft. Pierce (St. Lucie County; E2002-4071; Kenneth L. Hibbard; 29 August 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker, papaya fruit fly: A specimen was collected in a multilure trap in Arcadia (DeSoto County; E2002-5018; Gary Moore, USDA/APHIS/PPQ; 16 October 2002). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
| Botany Section | Entomology Section | Nematology Section | Plant Pathology Section | Back to Top |
NEMATOLOGY
SECTION
Compiled by Renato Inserra, Ph.D. and Janete A. Brito, Ph.D
A total of 3,640 samples was processed in September and October 2002. Details are shown below:
| Certification and Regulatory Samples: | Other Samples: |
| Multistate
Certification for National and International Export
2,395
California Certification 772 Burrowing Nematodes 10
|
Premovement (Citrus Nursery Certification) 120 Site or Pit Approval (Citrus Nursery Certification) 46 Plant Problems 52 Out of State Survey, Via Florida Interception 2 Intrastate Survey Random 243 |
Nematodes of Special Interest
Olea europaea (olive).--Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White 1919) Chitwood 1949, the southern root-knot nematode, was found infecting the roots of this evergreen tree (Orange County; N02-1570; Barbara J. Wilder; 15 October 2002). The olive trees were introduced from California into Florida. Southern root-knot nematodes are damaging pests of olive trees in the Mediterranean region, California and other areas of the world where olive trees are grown.
Olea europaea (olive). -- Meloidogyne javanica (Treub 1885) Chitwood 1949, the Javanese root-knot nematode, was found infecting the roots of this evergreen tree (Orange County; N02-1570; Barbara J. Wilder; 15 October 2002). The olive trees were introduced from California into Florida. The Javanese root-knot nematode has a geographic distribution similar to that of the southern root-knot nematode and causes similar damage to olive trees.
COLLECTORS SUBMITTING FIVE OR MORE SAMPLES THAT WERE PROCESSED FOR NEMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS DURING SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER 2002:
Bailey, W. Wayne
7
Baron, O.
9
Emery, Tyson R. 8
Fuller, Samuel A.
158
Haynes, Alan R. 6
LeBoutillier, Karen W.
405
Looker, Sol F.
8
Ochoa, A. 396
Pate, J. 54
Qiao, Ping
220
Robinson, William L.
165
Salisbury, Thomas L.
164
Stone, C 172
Tannehill, E. 7
PLANT
PATHOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by Robert M. Leahy
For this period the Plant Pathology section received and processed 3,131 specimens. These included 1,763 pathology, 25 miscellaneous, 25 soil, and 1,214 citrus canker diagnoses, including full pathogenicity tests on 17 from South Florida, 42 from west coastal Florida, 26 from southwest coastal Florida, 3 from central coastal Florida, and 16 from north coastal Florida.
ORNAMENTALS, WOODY PLANTS AND PALMS: Ixora coccinea (ixora)-- Sphaceloma sp., leaf spot/spot anthracnose: Collected at a dooryard in Bradenton, (Manatee County; P2002-5157; Albert L. Wright; 25 September 2002). NEW HOST RECORD.
Myrtus communis (common myrtle)-- Puccinia psidii G. Wint., leaf rust: Collected at a nursery in Deland (Volusia County; P2002-5245; Stacey S. Simmons; 30 September 2002). NEW HOST RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FOLIAGE PLANTS: Alocasia ‘Black Velvet’ (alocasia)-- Colletotrichum dematium (Pers.) Grove, secondary pathogen: Collected at a nursery in Apopka (Orange County; P2002-4727; Dr. Shabbir Rizvi and Jodi Hansen; 15 October 2002). NEW HOST RECORD.
Alternanthera sp. (alternanthera)-- Calonectria crotalariae (C. A. Loos) D. K. Bell & Sobers and Cylindrocladium parasiticum Crous, M. J. Wingfield, & Alfenas, crown root rot: Collected at a nursery in Lake Buena Vista (Orange County; P2002-5138; Barbara J. Wilder; 23 September 2002). NEW HOST RECORDS.
Liriope muscari (lily turf)-- Mycoleptodiscus indicus (Sahni) Sutton, leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Sanford (Seminole County; P2002-5107; Amanda D. Melco and W. Jack Shirley; 18 September 2002). NEW HOST RECORD.
Vriesea sp. (vriesea)-- Cylindrocladium parasiticum Crous, M. J. Wingfield, & Alfenas, leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Apopka (Orange County; P2002-5178; Leslie J. Wilber; 26 September 2002). NEW HOST RECORD.
FOREST AND SHADE TREES: Styrax americana (snowbell, storax)-- Pseudocercospora sp., leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Apopka (Orange County; P2002-5067; Dr. James O. Strandberg, IFAS Mid-Florida Research and Education Center; 9 September 2002). NEW STATE RECORD.
FOOD OR CROP PLANTS: Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry)-- Chaetomella raphigera Swift, leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Hudson (Pasco County; P2002-5131; Helen A. Smith; 23 September 2002). NEW STATE RECORD.
Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry)-- Chaetomella raphigera Swift, leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Hudson (Pasco County; P2002-5133; Helen A. Smith; 23 September 2002).
Zea mays subsp. mexicana (teosinte)-- Ustilago zeae (Beckm.) Unger, corn smut: Collected at a research plot in Gainesville (Alachua County; P2002-6605; James Wilkerson and Mark Gooch; 29 October 2002). NEW HOST RECORD.
OTHER DETECTIONS OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia)-- Amphobotrys ricini (Buchwald) Hennebert, stem rot: Collected at a nursery in Gainesville (Alachua County; P2002-6592; Dr. Carlye Baker; 29 September 2002).
Gordonia lasianthus (loblolly bay)-- Cylindrocladium gordoniae R. Leahy, T. S. Schubert, N. E. El-Gholl, leaf spot: Collected at a dooryard in Barberville (Volusia County; P2002-6389; Stacey S. Simmons; 7 October 2002).
Juniperus sp. (juniper)-- Kabatina juniperi R. Schneider & Arx, stem blight: Collected at a nursery in Lithia (Hillsborough County; P2002-6602; Karen ‘Lea’ Etchells; 28 October 2002).
