TRI-OLOGY, Vol. 34, No. 6
Nancy C. Coile, Ph. D., Managing Editor
November-December 1995
Wayne N. Dixon, Ph. D., Editor
| Botany Section | Entomology Section | Nematology Section | Plant Pathology Section |
BOTANY SECTION
Compiled by Nancy C. Coile, Ph.D.
Added to the herbarium collection during this period were 3 seed collection (for a total of 1,457 seed samples) For this period, 638 specimens were submitted for identification and/or name verification. Some of the samples are described below:
Bauhinia purpurea L., ca. 250 species, Leguminosae, fall orchid tree: Tree, to 35 tall. Leaves 2-lobed, deciduous. Flowers produced in the fall and winter before the leaves drop. Inflorescences terminal, in many flowered clusters. Calyx is spathelike (rarely split into two parts). Corolla showy, with clawed petals up to 3" long, usually purple or lavender, but may be pale pink to rose, or carmine; fragrant. Fruits are 6" to 1 long beans. Limbs are weak and messy. (Polk County, B95-788, J.E. `Pete' Lindsay). (Broschat & Meerow 1991, Everett 1981).
Similar to B. variegata which blooms in the spring.
Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmel., 1 species, Cabombaceae, water shield, purple-wen dock: Rhizomatous, aquatic, perennial herb. Petioles very long; leaf blades peltate, float on water surface, elliptic (shield-shaped), to 11 cm (4¼") long. All material under the water surface is coated with a jelly-like substance, which explains the crude common name "snotplant." Flowers solitary on long stalks, emergent when open. Sepals and petals similar, 3 to 4 each, dull purple. Fruits with separate carpels. Lakes, ponds, slow streams. Widely distributed: Canada, south to tropical Americas, Africa, East Asia and Australia. (Levy County; B95-819; B. Hulett). (Cook 1974, Godfrey & Wooten 1981).
Brugmansia arborea (L.) Lagerh., 5 species all from S. America, Solanaceae, angel's trumpet, tree-datura, maikoa: Shrub or small tree to 4 m tall. Leaves alternate, pubescent, entire to coarsely toothed; elliptic to ovate. Flowers to 15 cm (ca. 6") long and slightly pendent. Corolla white, tubular; with notched and recurved lobes. Fruit roundish to 6 cm (2½") wide, often subtended by the dry calyx. This species is rare in cultivation. From Andes of Ecuador and Chile, used by Amerindians for its hallucinogenic alkaloids. (Indian River County; B95-802; Kathleen A. Dady).
Present in all Brugmansia species are alkaloids (especially scopolamine) which lead to hallucinations after violent intoxication. Several cities in Florida have banned Brugmansia after deaths by unwary users. B. sanguinea (Ruiz & Pavón) D. Don ranges from Columbia to Chile and is also used as a hallucinogen by Amerindians. The more commonally cultivated angel's trumpet is B. x candida Pers. which has pendent flowers to 32 cm (ca. 13") long and rarely produces fruits. (Bailey Staff 1976, Everett 1981, Huxley 1992, Mabberley 1989).
Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht. & Presl, Solanaceae, angel's-trumpet: Shrub or small tree to 5 m tall. Leaves alternate, glabrous, margins entire; ovate to narrowly elliptic. Flowers to 30 cm (ca. 12") long and nodding. Corolla white (sometimes pink or yellow), bell-shaped with a short constricted tube just above the calyx; lobes to 2.5 cm long, spreading. Fruit fusiform*, to 16 cm long. Native to southeastern Brazil. (Indian River County; B95-801; Kathleen A. Dady). (Bailey Staff 1976, Everett 1981, Huxley 1992).
Brugmansia versicolor Lagerh., Solanaceae, salmon angel's-trumpet: Shrub or small tree to 5 m tall. Leaves alternate, glabrous to softly pubescent, margins entire; oblong-elliptic. Flowers to 50 cm (ca. 1½) long and pendulous. Corolla white changing with age to apricot or peach-pink, trumpet-shaped with a long constricted tube; lobes long, spreading and recurved. Fruit spindle shaped, to 45 cm (ca. 1¼). Native to Ecuador. (Indian River County; B95-803; Kathleen A. Dady). (Bailey Staff 1976, Everett 1981, Huxley 1992).
Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woods., 20 species, tropical America, Commelinaceae, inch plant: Herb to ca. 1.5 m long; stems succulent, conspicuously jointed, lax. Leaves alternate, usually glabrous, to 25 cm (10") long; elliptic, but with bases subamplexicaul*. Inflorescences terminal panicles with crowded branches each having a pair of sessile flowers subtended by papery bracts. Flowers small, fragrant; petals 6, white, less showy than the stamens; stigma brush-like. A good hanging basket plant, this species is native to Mexico. `Melnickoff' is a cultivar which has some leaves longitudinally striped yellow, or brown or white. (Broward County; B95-792; Karolynne M. Vanyo). (Bailey Staff 1976, Everett 1981, Huxley 1992).
Clerodendrum ugandense Prain., ca. 400 species, tropical and warm areas, Verbenaceae, butterfly bush, or Ugandan clerodendrum: Sprawling shrub, to 3.5 m (10 tall). Leaves opposite, glabrous, coarsely toothed, elliptic to obovate, to 10 cm (4½") long. Inflorescence a terminal panicle. Flowers are ca. 2.5 cm (1") across, calyx red; petals are united at the base into a short tube, four wide light blue petal limbs and one wide violet-blue petal limb. The six showy stamens have long arching purple filaments and blue anthers. Native to tropical Africa. (Hillsborough County; B95-809; Cindy S. Kamelhair). (Bailey Staff 1976, Broschat & Merrow 1991 Everett 1981, Huxley 1992).
Clerodendrum x speciosum Dombr., Verbenaceae, Java glory bean: resembles C. thomsoniae Balf.f., except that the calyx is pale red or pink and the corolla is deep rose shaded to violet. A hybrid between the vining species C. thomsoniae (bleeding heart vine) and C. splendens G. Don ex James. (Marion County; B95-794; Floyd J. McHenry).
C. thomsoniae is an evergreen twining shrub, to 4 m (ca. 20) long. Leave ovate to ovate-oblong, base subcordate to rounded, margin entire. Inflorescences terminal or axillary cymes with 8 to 20 flowers. Flowers unusual due to the baggy, vaguely heart-shaped, white calyx, 2,5 cm wide; from which protrudes the tubular, crimson, 2 cm long corolla. After the corolla drops, the calyx will fade to pink or violet-pink. C. splendens has triangular, red calyx lobes and bright red to scarlet corollas. (Broschat & Merrow 1991, Bailey Staff 1976, Everett 1981, Huxley 1992).
Costus speciosus (J. Koenig) Sm., ca. 90 species, tropical America, Zingiberaceae, crepe ginger, or Malay ginger: Herbaceous perennial, with reed-like stems to 3m (10) tall. Leaves spirally arranged (common name for genus: spiral ginger), leaf sheaths tubular and closed. Leaves to 25 cm (10") long; may be variegated. Inflorescence a terminal, cone-like spike to ca. 5" long; only one flower in bloom at a time. Bracts subtending flowers green flushed with red and each with a sharp tip. Corolla frilly white with yellow center, 5 cm (3 to 4") wide. The common name "crepe" ginger refers to the texture of the petals. Native to Southeast Asia to New Guinea where it is used as a medicinal, for its edible rhizomes, and as vegetable cooked in coconut milk. Malays believe it to have powers against evil spirits. (Dade County; B95-806; Gwen H. Myres). (Bailey Staff 1976, Broschat & Merrow 1991, Clay & Hubbard 1977, Everett 1981, Huxley 1992).
Entada gigas (L.) Fawc. & Rendle, ca. 30 species, tropical America and Africa to Australia, Leguminosae, sea heart, sword bean, nicker bean: Vine, climbing to 100 or more. Leaves 2-pinnate with 4 to 5 pairs of leaflets. Fruit a legume, 1 to 2 m (3 to 6) long, twisted, not woody; 10 to 15 seeds, each in an individual compartment. Seeds 4 to 6 cm (to 2¼") wide; to 2 cm (¾") thick; heart shaped to oblong; chocolate to mahogany brown; smooth. Pantropical. These seeds will drift in the ocean at least 2 years and remain viable. The seed have been cast onto beaches in Europe (as far north as Sweden) and North America as far north as Greenland). (Volusia County; B95-804; Tracy L. Wright). (Bailey Staff 1976, Gunn et al. 1976).
Montanoa pteropoda Blake ?, 22 species, tropical America, Compositae, montanoa: Shrubs with pithy stems, to 4 m tall. Leaves opposite, petioles broadly winged, to 6 cm long and subamplexicaule at base. Leaf blades of lower leaves to 15 cm long, rhombic-ovate to angular-ovate and lobed; upper ones smaller, often not lobed; margins entire to crenate to serrate. Panicles leafy, with numerous heads; involucral bracts in two series; ray flowers 8 to 10, white; disc flowers yellow. The achenes are enclosed by the palea. Common in mountains of central and western Guatemala. The specimen submitted keys and matches description of M. pteropoda; however, the number of ray flowers is much higher than the above description. The specimen is possibly is cultivar of M. pteropoda, selected for its showier flower heads. (Pinellas County; B95-770; Lisa Lanza). (Nash 1976)
Passiflora multiflora L., ca. 350 from tropical and warm America, 20 from Indomalaysia and Pacific, Passifloraceae, oblong-leaved passion flower: Woody vine which climbs by axillary tendrils. Twigs velvety; old stems with a thick corky bark. Leaves alternate; petioles with two small, sessile glands near junction with blade; blade oblong to elliptic, rounded at the base, to 10 cm long; hairy (rarely glabrous), often upper surface is lustrous. Flowers in clusters of 3 to 6 on slender, 1 cm long, peduncles which are in the middle; with 2 mm long bracts near the base of the peduncle. Flower less than 1.5 cm (ca. ½") wide; calyx 5-6 mm long, yellowish; petals white, linear, 2 to 3 mm long; corona* in two series, the inner 1 mm long, the outer 2 to 3 mm long. Fruit globose, dark blue to purplish black, to 8 mm (ca.¼") wide, glabrous. Hammocks, scrublands. Native to S Florida and West Indies. (Monroe County; B95-796; Lynn D. Howerton). (Correll and Correll 1982, Small 1933).
Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir., 50 species from warm usually wet areas, Leguminosae, scarlet wisteria tree, Australian corkwood tree, Christmas bells, vegetable hummingbird: Shrub or small tree to 6 m tall; glabrous. Petiole 4 to 12" long; leaflets 10 to 20 pairs, 2-5 cm (to 2") long. Racemes with 2 to 4 flowers. Calyx to 2.2 cm long; corolla 6 to 8 cm (rarely to 10) long, scarlet, white or pink. (The largest flowered sesbania in Florida.) Legume linear, becoming tetragonal at maturity; to to 4 dm (12") long and 8 mm wide. Native to Southeast Asia, but naturalized in subtropical Florida. Planted in Southeast Asia for reforestation, fuel, forage and soil improvement. (Dade County; B95-798; Harlo von Wald). (Isely 1990, Small 1933 as Agati).
Terminalia muelleri Benth., 150 species from tropics, Combretaceae, Mueller's terminalia: Tree to 10 m tall. Leaves crowded, especially at tips of branches (hence: "Terminalia"). Leaves with domatia*. Petioles 2 to 25 mm long; blades obovate, base attenuate; 5 to 15 cm (2 to 6") long (about 1.4 to 3 times as long as wide); leathery; hairy beneath, veins obvious. Inflorescence an open spike longer than the leaves. Flowers tiny, ca. 6 mm wide; calyx lobes triangular, smooth on exterior, interior hairy; petals absent; disc hairy; 10 stamens; style glabrous. Fruit oval, sometimes with a short beak, 1.2 to 2 cm (ca. ¾") long; purple or black. Native to Queensland, Australia. (Dade County; B95-789; Tracy L. Wright).
The more common T. catappa L., tropical almond, is readily distinguished from T. muelleri by its fruit which is larger (2" long), flattened with two winged edges; its leaves are to 1 long, stiff, and becoming brilliant red before falling. (Bailey Staff 1976, Everett 1981, George 1990, Huxley 1992).
Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) Gray, 10 species from Mexico and Central America, Compositae, Mexican sunflower: Perennial, to 5m tall; stems 4-angled. Leaves alternate, obovate to obovate-oblong and usually 3 to 5-lobed, 35 cm (ca 1) long, narrowing to the petiole. Petiole winged, to 10 cm (4") to absent. The peduncle thickens upwards towards the head. Head with 4 series of 16 to 28 bracts; 4 to 15 cm (2½ to 6") wide. Ray flowers sterile, orange-yellow, to 6 cm (ca. 2¼") long; disc flowers fertile. Achenes with persistent scale-like pappus and 2 awns. Appearance similar to sunflowers, but the thickened peduncle and the persistent pappus distinguish Tithonia. Native to Mexico and Central America, naturilized in tropics. (Orange County; B95-795; Tom L. Phillips).
A more common species also called Mexican sunflower is T. rotundifolia (Mill.) S. F. Blake. Distinguish T. rotundifolia by its cylindrical stems, involucral bracts in 2 rows, and the ray flowers bright orange to orange-scarlet. (Bailey Staff 1976, Everett 1981, Huxley 1992).
GLOSSARY: corona: any appendage which stands between the corolla and stamens. Notable coronas are in daffodils, milkweeds, passion flowers. domatia: plant tissues (usually on leaves) modified for sheltering insects or mites; a commensal relationship. fusiform: tapering towards each end. subamplexicaule: somewhat stem-clasping, when the base of a leaf is expanded and embraces the stem.
REFERENCES
- L. H. Bailey Hortorium Staff. 1976. Hortus third, a concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. 1,290 p.
- Clay, H.F. and J.C. Hubbard. 1977. The Hawai'i garden, tropical exotics. University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu. 267 p.
- Cook, C.D.K, B.J. Gut, E.M. Rix, J. Schneller and M. Seitz. 1974. Water plants of the world. Dr. W. Junk b.v., Publishers, The Hague.
- Correll, D. S. and H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama Archipelago. J. Cramer, Hirschberg, Germany. 1,692 p.
- George, A.S., ed. 1990. Flora of Australia, Podostemaceae to Combretaceae, Vol. 18.
- Godfrey, R.K. and J. W. Wooten. 1988. Aquatic and Wetlands Plants of the Southeastern United States. Dicotyledons. University of Georgia Press, Athens. 933 p.
- Gunn, C.R., J.V. Dennis, and P.J. Paradine. 1976. World guide to tropical drift seeds and fruits. Quadrangle, The New York Times Book Company, New York. 240 p.
- Huxley, A. J. (ed.) 1992. New Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 4 vols. Macmillan Press, London. 3,240 p.
- Mabberley, D.J. 1989. The plant-book. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 706 p.
- Nash, D.L. 1976. Tribe Heliantheae (Compositae). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana 24, XII: 181-360.
- Small, J.K. 1933. Manual of the Southeastern flora. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 1554 p.
ENTOMOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by Susan E. Halbert, Ph.D.
For the month of November, there were 889 samples consisting of 33,113+ specimens. In December, there were 467 samples consisting of 6,022+ specimens. Some of the samples processed are listed below:
ORNAMENTALS, WOODY PLANTS AND PALMS: Cocos nucifera (coconut palm)-- Homaledra sabalella (Chambers), mahogany shoot borer: A general infestation in 95% of 400 plants at an IFAS unit in Fort Lauderdale, Palm Beach County (June 1995; F.W. Howard, IFAS; E95-3583).
Ilex cornuta `Burfordii' (Burford holly)-- Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.), Florida red scale: A moderate infestation in 10% of 300 plants at a nursery in Lake City, Columbia County (6 December 1995; M. `Janie' Echols; E95-5386).
Ilex spp. (hollies)-- Fiorinia theae Green, tea scale: A severe infestation on 100% of 50 plants at an educational institution in Live Oak, Suwannee County (30 October 1995; Jimmie R. Wigelsworth; E95-4510).
Magnolia grandiflora `Little Gem' and `D. D. Blanchard' (cultivars of southern magnolia)-- Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli (Cooley), magnolia white scale: A severe infestation involving 5 of 209 trees at a nursery in Bunnell, Flagler County (21 November 1995; Hubert W. Collins and Flewellyn W. Podris; E95-4724). Another 37 trees were lightly infested.
Magnolia grandiflora (southern magnolia)-- Succinea sp., amber snails: A moderate infestation involving 4% of 362 plants at a nursery in Jacksonville, Duval County (20 November 1995; Flewellyn W. Podris; E95-4723). The snails were associated with leaf spots. The snails appeared dead, but remained attached to the undersides of leaves, where large grey lesions appeared on the top sides of the leaves. These snails normally cause no injury to leaves (Lionel A. Stange).
Viburnum tinus (laurestinus)-- Parlatoria pergandii Comst., chaff scale: A severe infestation involving 5% of 200 plants was found in DeLand, Volusia County (27 November 1995; Joseph S. Beckwith; E95-5193).
ORNAMENTALS, FOLIAGE PLANTS: Bambusa multiplex (hedge bamboo)-- Antonina pretiosa Ferris, noxious bamboo mealybug: A slight infestation involved 2% of 10 plants at a nursery in Ruskin, Hillsborough County (22 November 1995; L. Wayne Clifton; E95-4779).
Liriope muscari `Evergreen Giant' (cultivar of lily turf)-- Parlatoria proteus (Curtis), proteus scale: A moderate infestation involved 10% of 20,000 plants at a nursery in Longwood, Seminole County (16 November 1995; Anne F. Weathers; E95-5361).
Liriope muscari `Evergreen Giant' (lily turf)-- : Cecidophyopsis n.sp., an eriophyid mite: A moderate to severe infestation involved 10% of 20,000 plants at a nursery in Longwood, Seminole County (15 November 1995; Anne F. Weathers; E95-4778a). NEW SPECIES OF ERIOPHYIDAE.
Magnolia virginiana (sweetbay)-- Anisopilothrips venustulus (Friesner), a thrips: An infestation was found at an IFAS unit in Gainesville, Alachua County (23 October 1995; Robert P. Esser; E95-4391). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Schefflera arboricola (dwarf schefflera)-- Ceroplastes rubens Maskell, red wax scale: A slight infestation of this serious pest involved 10% of an acre and 30% of 200 plants found at a nursery in Goulds, Dade County (29 November 1995; Yolanda I. Inguanzo; E95-5192).
Syngonium podophyllum (nephthytis)-- Opuntiaspis carinata (Ckll.), a scale insect: A severe infestation on all three plants at a nursery in Odessa, Hillsborough County (19 August 1995; Cindy S. Kamelhair; E95-3665).
ORNAMENTALS, FLOWERING PLANTS: Gardenia augusta (gardenia)-- Elixothrips brevisetus (Bagnall), a thrips: A severe infestation on one plant at a residence in Hallandale, Broward County (14 November 1995; Karolynne M. Vanyo; E95-4656). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
FOREST AND SHADE TREES: Acer rubrum (red maple, a native species)-- Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), broad mite: A severe infestation involved 100% of 5,800 plants at a farm in Melrose, Putnam County (6 November 1995; Maria E. Peacock, Flewellyn W. Podris and Hubert W. Collins; E95-4540a).
Pinus clausa (sand pine, a native species)-- Neodiprion lecontei Rohwer, sawflies: A severe infestation involved 1% of 500 plants at a Christmas tree farm in Plant City, Hillsborough County (17 November 1995; Alan R. Haynes; E95-4707).
Swietenia mahagoni (mahogany, Florida endangered species)-- Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), diaprepes root weevil: A slight infestation at a nursery in Miami, Dade County (16 November 1995; Louis T. Lodyga; E95-4741).
Swietenia mahagoni (mahogany, Florida endangered species)-- Phyllocnistis sp., an undescribed leafminer: A slight infestation at a nursery in Miami, Dade County (16 November 1995; Louis T. Lodyga; E95-4742).
FOOD OR CROP PLANTS: Capsicum annuum (pepper)-- Polyphasotarsonemus latus (Banks), broad mite: A severe infestation on one plant at a residence in Sorrento, Lake County (13 October 1995; G.L. Leibee, IFAS; E95-4327). This mite species is associated with severe leaf deformity (W. Calvin `Cal' Welbourn).
Pouteria campechiana (eggfruit)-- Howardia biclavis (Comstock), mining scale: A severe infestation at a nursery in Davie, Broward County (11 December 1995; Rita J. Carpenter; E95-5448).
Psidium guajava (guava)-- Metaleurodicus cardini (Back), cardin whitefly: A severe infestation on one plant at a residence in Crystal River, Citrus County (5 December 1995; Robert W. Dudley; E95-5365).
Saccharum sp. (sugarcane)-- Saccharicoccus sacchari (Ckll.), pink sugarcane mealybug: An infestation at a USDA unit in Canal Point, Palm Beach County (27 November 1995; Dr. O. Sosa, USDA-ARS-SAA; E95-5195). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Zea mays (maize)-- Heliothis zea (Boddie), corn earworm: A severe infestation involved 65-70% of the plants in a field in Homestead, Dade County (16 November 1995; Ramón A. Dones; E95-4728).
CITRUS: Citrus aurantiifolia (lime)-- Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas), black parlatoria scale: An infestation in at a residence in Miami, Dade County (1 December 1995; Josefina Bellmas, USDA; E95-5457).
Citrus x nobilis (citrus)-- Phyllocaptruta oleivora (Ashmead), an eriophyid mite: A severe infestation on one plant at a trap site in Vero Beach, Indian River County (21 November 1995; Kathleen E. Dady; E95-4766a).
Citrus x paradisi `Oroblanco' (grapefruit)-- Parlatoria pergandii Comst., chaff scale: A moderate infestation on 80% of 5,000 plants at a citrus nursery in Lithia, Hillsborough County (7 December 1995; Samuel A. Fuller; E95-5367).
Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)-- Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas), black parlatoria scale: A severe investation involved 70% of 2 trees at a residence in Miami, Dade County (16 November 1995; Karen L. Garrett-Kraus and Jesus Rodriguez; E95-4769). This site is about a 10 mile jump from the previously reported infested area (Debra S. Chalot).
Citrus spp. and Fortunella spp. (at least 12 species)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: Infestations of this very serious new pest were found throughout Dade and Broward Counties (about 100 sites) during November and December 1995. First finds were in Miami, Dade County (31 October 1995; Roberto Erb; E95-4579) and in Davie, Broward County (3 November 1995, George N. Louissaint, USDA-APHIS; E95-4597). Brown citrus aphid is of primary concern to the citrus industry of Florida because it transmits citrus tristeza virus very efficiently. Locations where the aphid has been introduced have experienced serious crop loss within several years after the aphid became established (Susan E. Halbert). U.S. CONTINENTAL RECORD.
WEEDS AND GRASSES: Mikania scandens (climbing hempvine)-- Thrips palmi Karny, melon thrips: at a natural area in Apopka, Orange County (24 October 1995; Nancy C. Coile). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
NATIVE OR NATURALIZED: Coccoloba diversifolia (pigeon plum)-- Ceroplastes dugesii Lichtenstein, a scale insect: A severe infestation on one plant at the port in Fort Lauderdale, Broward County (15 November 1995; Rita J. Carpenter; E95-4692).
Opuntia stricta (prickly-pear cactus)-- Dactylopius confusus (Ckll.), cochineal scale: A severe infestation on 100% of over thirty plants at Ocean Point in Tavernier, Monroe County (4 November 1995; Karolynne M. Vanyo; E95-4572). The cochineal scale is known for the red dye that can be extracted from it (Avas B. Hamon).
INSECTS OF MEDICAL OR VETERINARY IMPORTANCE: Heteropoda venatoria (L.), giant crab spider: Apparently biting a dog in Raiford, Union County (20 November 1995; Roman L. Stewart; E95-4708). This species of spider can cause pain and swelling in humans and possibly the same symptoms in dogs (G.B. Edwards).
INSECT DETECTION: Eburia quadrigeminata (Say), a longhorn beetle: This insect came from inside a chair purchased from a furniture company. The homeowners had the chair for 5 years in their home, and one day they heard chewing. The pest control operator pulled the beetle out of the chair (25 October 1995; David M. Mooney; E95-4475).
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NEMATOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by Renato N. Inserra, Ph.D.
A total of 2,285 samples were processed in November and December. Details are shown below:
Certification and Regulatory Samples: Other Samples:
Multistate Certification for National and Identification
International Export . . . . . . . 983 (Invertebrate). . . . . . . . . . . . 1
California Certification. . . . . . . 716 Nematological Investigations 118
Premovement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Plant Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Site or Pit Approval . . . . . . . . 30 Intrastate Survey, Random . . . . . . 136
Burrowing Nematode . . . . . . . 64
Bambusa sp. (bamboo)--Radopholus similis (Cobb, 1893) Thorne, 1949, burrowing nematode, was extracted from roots of this ornamental collected in Hillsborough County and resulted in failure of certification for California. (30 September 1995, Sam Fuller, N95-1579).
Citrus limon (rough lemon)--Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira, 1940, reniform nematode, survived for five months in soil surrounding the rhizoshere of this citrus rootstock growing in pots containing infested Rockdale soil from South Florida and maintained in a DPI greenhouse. There was no evidence of reniform nematode parasitism on the roots of this plant. (30 November 1995, Carol Cochran, N95-1900).
Schefflera arboricola (dwarf schefflera)--Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira, 1940, reniform nematode, was found parasitizing the roots of this ornamental in South Florida and resulted in certification failure for California. This ornamental is reported as a common host of the reniform nematode in nurseries located in South Florida and also in Rio Grande Valley of Texas. (31 October 1995, Karen LeBoutillier, N95-1794).
Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)--A large population of Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira, 1940, reniform nematode, was found parasitizing the roots of this plant (cv. California 5) growing in infested Rockdale soil from South Florida and maintained in a DPI greenhouse. Cowpea is a field crop damaged by this pest in several countries of the world. (30 November 1995, Carol Cochran, N95-1899).
COLLECTORS SUBMITTING FIVE OR MORE SAMPLES THAT WERE PROCESSED FOR NEMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS DURING NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER 1995:
Collins, H.C. 5 Nelson, C.R. 97
Dees, C. S. 59 Peacock, M.E. 14
Dones, R.A. 206 Robinson, W.L. 133
Fuller, S.A. 120 Salisbury, T.L. 213
Echols, M.J. 17 Smith, W.W. 60
Harris, J.M. 32 von Wald, H. 32
LeBoutillier, K.W. 237 Wigelsworth, J.R. 29
PLANT PATHOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by John W. Miller, Ph.D.
For this period, the Plant Pathology Section received and processed 611 specimens. These included 591 pathology, 15 miscellaneous, and 5 soil. Also 6,000+ citrus trees were diagnosed positive for canker. Some of the samples are listed below:
ORNAMENTALS, WOODY PLANTS AND PALMS: Albizia julibrissin (mimosa, or silk tree; Exotic Pest Plant Council lists as category II)-- Pseudocercospora sp., leaf spot: Collected in woods east of DPI's facility in Gainesville, Alachua County, (06 November 1995; Robert P. Esser; P95-4358). NEW HOST RECORD.
Ligustrum sinense (Chinese privet, or hedge privet; EPPC lists as category I)-- Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich, charcoal root rot: Collected at a school in Live Oak, Suwannee County, (30 October 1995; Jimmie R. Wigelsworth; P95-4276). NEW HOST RECORD.
Platycladus orientalis (arborvitae)-- Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. & Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., root rot: Collected by a garden service in New Port Richey, Pasco County, (12 November 1995, Helen A. Smith; P95-4715). NEW HOST RECORDS.
Viburnum plicatum (snow ball viburnum)-- Kutilakesa pironii Alfieri, stem gall: Collected at a nursery in Monticello, Jefferson County, (30 November 1995; Hubert W. Collins; P95-4591). NEW HOST RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FOLIAGE PLANTS: Guzmania sp. (a bromeliad)-- Cylindrocladium scoparium, crown/leaf rot: Collected at a lab in Apopka, Orange County, (13 December 1995; Leslie J. Wilber & C.A. `Zo' Cooper; P95-4757). NEW HOST RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FLOWERING PLANTS: Crinum sp. (crinum lily, or string-lily)-- Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr., root rot: Collected at a nursery in Fruitland Park, Lake County, (17 November 1995; Stephen P. Beidler; P95-4507). NEW HOST RECORD.
Catharanthus roseus (periwinkle)-- Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle) Stapp, bacteria leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in New Port Richey, Pasco County, (31 October 1995; K. Korner; P95-4305). NEW HOST RECORD.
Complaya trilobata (creeping oxeye, synonym: Wedelia trilobata; EPPC lists as category II)-- Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich, charcoal root rot: Collected at a nursery in Homestead, Dade County, (31 October 1995; Lynn D. Howerton; P95-4300). NEW HOST RECORD.
Rosa sp. (rose)-- Chaetomella raphigera Swift, saprophyte: Collected at a nursery in Parrish, Manatee County, (November 1995; L. Koepke; P95-4814). NEW STATE RECORD.
Zingiber sp. (step ladder ginger)-- Bipolaris sp., leaf spot: Collected at a dooryard in Miami, Dade County, (16 December 1995, Mark L. Runnals; P95-4817). NEW HOST RECORD.
FOOD OR CROP PLANTS: Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass)-- Curvularia sp., leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Tampa, Hillsborough County, (08 December 1995; Cindy S. Kamelhair; P95-4714). NEW HOST RECORD.
Pouteria sp. (egg fruit)-- Achrotelium lucumae Cummins, leaf rust: Collected at a dooryard in Miami, Dade County, (11 December 1995; Joseph S. Beckwith; P95-4789).
Zea mays (corn)-- Pyrenochaeta sp., leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Homestead, Dade County, (04 December 1995; Ramón A. Dones; P95-4623). NEW HOST RECORD.
CITRUS: Citrus spp. (various species of citrus)-- Xanthomonas axonopodis Vauterin, Hoste, Kersters and Swings pv. citri (Hasse) Dye (synonym: X. campestris (Pamm.) Dows. pv. citri (Hasse) Dye), citrus canker, Asian strain: the quarantine area has expanded 34 additional square miles since the discovery of citrus canker in Hialeah. Presently, the quarantine area is approximately 140 square miles.
NATIVE OR NATURALIZED PLANTS: Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine, native to tropical America)-- Puccinia arechavialetae Speg., leaf rust: Collected at a FFD Site in Homestead, Dade County, (05 December 1995, Lynn D. Howerton; P95-4706). NEW HOST RECORD.
Gaura angustifolia (southern gaura)-- Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc., Phaeotrichoconis sp., & Phoma sp., leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Kissimmee, Osceola County, (14 November 1995; Christine R. Craft; P95-4506). NEW HOST RECORDS.
OTHER DETECTIONS OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk Island-pine)-- Schizophyllum commune Fr.:Fr., fungus: Collected at a nursery in Palmetto, Manatee County, (01 December 1995; Mark L. Runnals; P95-4574). NEW HOST RECORD.
