TRI-OLOGY, Vol. 34, No. 5
Nancy C. Coile, Ph. D., Managing Editor
September-October 1995
Wayne N. Dixon, Ph. D., Editor
| Botany Section | Entomology Section | Nematology Section | Plant Pathology Section |
BOTANY SECTION
Compiled by Nancy C. Coile, Ph.D.
For this period, 1,063 specimens were submitted for identification and/or name verification. Some of the samples are described below:
Agalinis purpurea (L.) Pennell, Scrophulariaceae, false foxglove: Herbaceous annual, up to 1.2 m tall; stems rough or smooth, profusely branched at upper part of plant. Leaves opposite; linear to lanceolate, often curled; 1 to 4 cm long and up to 2 mm wide. Flowers showy, in terminal racemes; pedicels shorter than (sometimes equaling) the calyx tube; calyx tube 3 to 4 mm long, with five tiny teeth; corolla bell-shaped, to 3.8 cm long, rose-lavender, throat lined with yellow, spotted with purple, lanose* at the base of the two upper lobes; 4 stamens, filaments lanose. Fruit a small capsule to 6 mm long and broad. Throughout the southeast U.S. Parasitic on roots of grasses or other herbs. Woodlands, pond margins, low meadows and roadsides (B95-743, Maria E. Peacock and Hugh W. Collins). (Radford et al. 1964; Bell 1982; Taylor 1992).
Arundo donax L., Gramineae (or Poaceae), giant reed: Perennial. Stems stout, up to 4 m tall. Leaves arch gracefully from the stems; broad-linear, long attenuate; to 0.3 m long; gray green, both surfaces without hairs; often variegated; margins papery. Panicles to 2 m long, reddish but becoming grayish. An invasive plant in its native tropical and subtropical Mediterranean climate. Reportedly becoming a major weed problem in California. Cultivated, but escaping and growing around riversides and ditches. [Distinguished by general appearance from two other large, invasive grasses with plumelike panicles: Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng., Burma reed or silk reed, and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud. The following characters will also separate the three: Phragmites has naked lemmas; Arundo has hairy lemmas and a naked rachilla; Neyraudia has naked lemmas and a hairy rachilla. All three species grow around canals, especially in south Florida.] (B95-735; Stephen P. Beidler). (Hitchcock, A.S. 1935; Radford et al. 1964; Huxley 1992).
Capparis cynophallophora L., Capparidaceae, Jamaica caper or black-willow: Shrub to 7 m tall. Leaves alternate; petioles to 2 cm long; elliptic to oblong elliptic, tip acute to blunt; 4 to 12 cm long; glabrous and lustrous above, brown lepidote* beneath. Racemes few flowered; pedicels stout; petals 4, white but lepidote on outer surface; about 32 stamens, 2 to 3 times longer than the petals; fragrant. Fruit like a silique*, 4 cm (1½") long and 6 mm (about ¼") wide, with a very long stalk (12 mm). Coastal hammocks and shellmounds. North to Brevard and Pinellas counties, Mexico, through Central America and the West Indies to northern South America (B95-697; Kenneth L. Hibbard). (Wunderlin 1982; Correll and Correll 1982: Huxley 1992).
Clematis reticulata Walter, Ranunculaceae, leather flower: Herbaceous vine. Stem many angled. Leaves pinnately compound with 3 to 9 leaflets; leaflets with strong net-venation, leathery, ovate to elliptic, 2 to 8 cm (about 3") long; margins rolled under. Flower solitary and terminal, nodding; with a pair of bractlets. Pedicels 1 to 15 cm (6") long; petals lacking; sepals 4, bluish purple, leathery, about 1 to 2 cm long, tips recurved. Dry, sandy woods, pinelands. Central and north Florida to Tennessee and Alabama (B95-755; Stephen P. Beidler). (Wunderlin 1982; Radford, Ahles and Bell, 1964; Taylor, 1992
Crescentia cujete L., Bignoniaceae, calabash-tree: Tree, to 10 m tall; long spreading branches. Leaves on fascicles (actually short shoots); sessile; oblanceolate to elliptic, to 20 cm long (8") and 6 cm (2½") wide; papery. Flowers solitary or in pairs from old wood. Corollas bell shaped with 5 lacy, short, lobes, greenish tinged with rose and veined with purple. Stamens 4. Fruit roundish to oval, to ca. 0.3 m (ca. 1) wide, with a hard shell, appears to be borne directly on the trunk; with nectaries thought to be ant attractants, ants then ward off herbivores. Fruits used to fashion bowls, scoops and other implements. Native of continental tropical America, now widespread in tropics (B95-709; Kenneth L. Hibbard). (Correll and Correll 1982; Mabberley 1989; Huxley 1992).
Cucumis melo L., Cucurbitaceae, melon: Herbaceous vine with simple tendrils. This taxon is divided into two subspecies: ssp. agrestis (Naudin) Greb. and ssp. melo. Subspecies melo has seven cultivar groups including true cantaloupe (fruits with rough-warty but not netted rind); honeydews with smooth rind and casabas with wrinkled rind; muskmelons (in U.S., canteloupe) with netted rind and musky orange flesh; and four cultivar groups of ornamental gourds. All have soft leaves with copious amounts of hair; male flowers are in fascicles and female flowers are solitary. Fruits vary greatly but each is a pepo*. Presumed origin is West Africa (B95-723; Flewellyn W. Podris). (Mabberley 1989; Huxley 1992).
Cucumis sativus L., Cucurbitaceae, cucumber, gherkin: Herbaceous vine with simple tendrils. Stems angular, trailing. Leaves triangular ovate, often 3 to 8 lobed, hispid or scabrous. Fruit globose to oblong or cylindric; tuberculate or prickly when young. Fruits are eaten when immature. Originated in Sino-Himalaya, now rare there; listed by Wunderlin (1982) as persistent or short-lived waif for Florida (B95-703; Rita J. Carpenter). (Mabberley 1989; Huxley 1992).
Cyperus esculentus L., Cyperaceae, yellow nut-grass and Cyperus retrorsus Chapman, a sedge: Herbaceous. Stems solid, 3-angled. Leaves 3-ranked; but arise only near the base of the plant. Style is 3-cleft. Fruit is a 3-sided achene. C. esculentus is characterized by its rhizomes which produce thickened growths (hence: nut-grass) and by its straw-colored spikelets which are arranged so that the axis is visible. [The other Cyperus with thickened growths on the rhizome is C. rotundus L. which has reddish-purple spikelets.] C. retrorsus has its spikelets compacted so that the axis is hidden and arranged so that the inflorescence has cylindrical heads of spikelets erect, at right angles and drooping. The plant is not glaucous, has flexible leaves and the stem bases are less than 1 cm wide. (Van Donnan, IFAS (B95-706 and B95-708). (Godfrey and Wooten 1982).
Dillenia indica L., Dilleniaceae, elephant-apple, or hondapara: Tree, to 40 feet tall. If in a dry climate, leaves are deciduous; evergreen in Florida. Leaves large, alternate, with conspicuous parallel veins at 45 angles from midrib. Flowers are solitary, 6 to 8" wide, with five thick sepals, five white petals, and numerous stamens. Fruits are 3 to 5" wide and with enlarged sepals surrounding the 5-seeded ovary. The fruit is used in jellies, curries and shampoos, and is water dispersed. Native from India to Central Malaysia, D. indica is a handsome specimen tree. (Mark L. Runnals B95-764). (Everett 1981; Huxley 1992; Broschat and Meerow 1991; Mabberley 1989).
Euthamia tenuifolia (Pursh) Nutt., Compositae, flat-topped goldenrod, or slender goldentop: Herbaceous perennial, rhizomatous, to ca. 1 m tall. Leaves numerous, alternate, resinous-punctate, linear, sessile, 1-nerved. Inflorescence flat-topped. Flower heads small, many, yellow, with 3 to 7 disk florets and 7-16 ray florets. Native plant ranging from Nova Scotia and Massachusetts, especially near the coast, and to Florida. Found in open, sandy places. Appearance differs strikingly from goldenrod, but was formerly placed in Solidago. (Tom Phillips and Deborah W. Hofmann B95-745). (Cronquist 1980; Taylor 1992).
Globba winitii C.H, Wright, Zingiberaceae, dancing-lady ginger: Herbaceous perennial with fleshy rhizome, to 1 m tall. The largest leaves have petioles ca. 10 cm (4") long and blades ca. 8" long; lower leaves are reduced to sheaths. Flowers in drooping panicles up to 15 cm (6") long. Showy mauve, pink or purple bracts to 3.5 cm (1½") long subtend the yellow flowers. The unusual flowers have a 3-lobed calyx; a ½" long, slender corolla tube; two staminodia, and one fertile, petal-like stamen; and, a long, arching showy style. Bulbils will replace flowers in the lower part of the inflorescence. Forest plants from Thailand. Grown as ornamentals in tropical and subtropical climates under shady conditions. (B95-711; Steven H. Cook and Dennis C. Clinton). (Everett 1981; Huxley 1992).
Helianthus radula (Pursh) Torrey & A. Gray, Compositae, rayless sunflower: Herbaceous perennial to 1 m tall. Leaves mostly basal, to 11 cm (4½") long, rough and hairy; a few opposite leaves on the stem, reduced in size. Head usually solitary; ray florets absent, disk florets deep, brownish-purple. Wet or dry pineland, rarely under oaks. Native species found in Coastal Plain from South Carolina to Louisiana and south to the northern 2/3s of Central Florida. (B95-762; Gretchan L. Langley). (Cronquist 1980; Wunderlin 1982; Taylor 1992).
Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griesb., Convolvulaceae, no common name known: Native annual vine. Leaves ovate to elliptic-ovate; to 12 cm (4½") long; tips long pointed; base usually cordate, rarely rounded. Inflorescence capitate and subtended by foliaceous bracts. Sepals 5, densely hairy. Corolla funnelform, blue, 1 to 2 cm wide. [Resembles a morningglory, but is clustered into a head and has 2 stigmas. Federally endangered J. reclinata House also lacks the capitate inflorescence, but has fleshy leaves, does not vine, and has white flowers.] Disturbed sites, especially along the coasts. Distributed in Coastal Plain from Arkansas to SC and southward to South America. (B95-713; Jimmie R. Wiglesworth and Hubert W. Collins). (Small 1933; Wunderlin 1982; Radford et al. 1964).
Jasminum azoricum L.(?) or J. fluminense Vell.(?), Oleaceae, river jasmine: Scrambling vine. Leaves opposite, 3 leaflets, with the middle one largest (ca. 2" long); densely hairy. Inflorescence in terminal and axil clusters, hairy branches. Calyx tiny, less than 1/16" long. Petals white, 5 or 6, united into a 1" long tube with ½" long lobes. Fragrant. Naturalized in Florida and on the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's category I list. (B95-694; Gwen H. Myres). (Everett 1981; Huxley 1992).
The several white flowered Jasminum species commonly grown in Florida may be divided into 3 main groups: 1) opposite leaves with more than three leaflets: J. officinale L., common jasmine,; J. officinale forma grandiflorum (L.) Kob, Spanish jasmine, with its larger flowers pink-tinged beneath and flower pedicels of differing lengths, often used in perfumery; 2) opposite leaves with three leaflets: J. azoricum; 3) simple leaves are opposite or in a whorl of three: J. sambac (L.) Aiton, Arabian jasmine, is on the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Coucil's category II list, and is used to perfume jasmine tea; J. multiflorum (Burm. f.) Ander, downy jasmine, has 4 to 9 petals, ca. 1" wide and arranged into panicles; J. nitidum Skan, pinwheel jasmine, has awl-shaped downy calyx lobes spreading at right angles from the corolla; J. dichotomum Vahl, Gold Coast jasmine, is naturalized in Florida and on the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council list, almost always in flower, has thick, shining, 3" long leaves, flowers wine-red beneath, and open at night; J. volubile , wax jasmine, from Australia, has few, small, starry, fragrant flowers. Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl.) Lem., Confederate jasmine, Apocynaceae, is a vine with milky sap; leathery, opposite leaves, 2 to 4" long; 5 petals united into a tube and with pinwheel-like lobes; very fragrant.
Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urban, Leguminosae (or Fabaceae), wild bush bean: vine-like sprawling annual herb. Leaves trifoliate, leaflets 2 to 7 cm (1 to 2½") long. Corolla vivid red-purple to dark maroon; the wings longer than other petals and obliquely directed; the keel curls about 1 turn. The style is hooked 180. Legume is sessile, linear. [This genus may be separated from Phaseolus (beans) by lacking the uncinulate* pubescence and the 2 to 3 turns of the keel.] Introduced into Florida and south Georgia from tropical America. Moist, sandy areas, roadside, waste places. (B95-702; Rita J. Carpenter). (Isely 1990).
Melampodium divaricatum (L.Rich.) DC., Compositae (or Asteraceae), black-foot, or sacam: annual herb with stem blackish at the base. Leaves opposite; sessile or with narrowly winged petioles. Involucres cupulate, with the outer bracts united up to ½ their length; in fruit, the involucres form a disc about 1 cm wide. Ray flowers 8 to 13, yellow-orange, 3.5 to 7mm (ca. ¼") long [fide: Flora of Guatemala.] and disc flowers 40 to 70, yellow-orange. However, the plant submitted has the general appearance of a plant illustrated in seed catalogues as M. paludosum HBK; the ray flowers are much larger and showier than those in the illustration of M. divaricatum. To complicate the stew, M. paludosum is listed as a synonym of M. divaricatum by Nash in the Flora of Guatemala. It is possible that "M. paludosum" is a cultivar of M. divaricatum, selected for its larger ray flowers. But, lacking more definitive literature, we cannot be certain of the proper nomenclature for this taxon. (B95-692; Maria E. Peacock). (Nash 1976).
Melanthera nivea (L.) Small, Compositae (or Asteraceae), snow square: perennial herb. Stems square, heavily mottled with purple, to 2 m tall. Leaves opposite, 5 to 15 cm (4 to 6") long, ovate or triangular, usually trilobed or hastate; 3 obvious veins from base of leaf. Heads 1 to 2 cm wide; with leafy bracts in 2 to 3 series. Ray flowers absent. Disc flowers white, 2 to 4 mm long; stamens blackish-purple. Moist woods, roadsides, beaches. Coastal Plain of South Carolina to Florida and Louisiana and widespread in tropical America. (B95-724; Kenneth L. Hibbard). (Cronquist 1980; Radford et al. 1964; Small 1933; Taylor 1992).
Nashia inaguensis Millsp., Verbenaceae, Moujean tea: Shrub to ca. 2 m tall, much branched. Leaves aromatic, simple, opposite (or fascicled), elliptic to obovate or spatulate, 5-10 mm long; margins revolute. Heads axillary, sessile, few-flowered. Calyx strigose. Corollas whitish, about 2 mm long, 4-lobed. Stamens 4. Scrublands of West Indies. Morton (1981) cites the decotion of the plant as a tonic tea. (B95-714; Ellen J. Tannehill). (Correll and Correll 1982; Morton 1981).
Phoebanthus tenuifolius (Torr. & A. Gray) Blake, Compositae (or Asteraceae), pineland false sunflower: Slender, perennial herb with tuberous-thickened rhizomes. Leaves slender, linear, 2 to 8 cm (¾ to 3") long and 1 to 2 mm wide (the more common P. grandiflorus Blake has leaves 3-5 mm wide); lower leaves are opposite, upper alternate; surface rough due to rigid hairs with pustulate bases. Heads solitary and terminal. 10 to 15 yellow rays, 3 to 4.5 cm (1½ to 1¾") long; disc flowers yellow or red-purple. Sandy pinelands near the Apalachicola River, FL. (B95-742; Maria E. Peacock and Hubert W. Collins). (Cronquist 1980; Taylor 1992; Small 1933).
Piper methysticum Forster f., Piperaceae, kava: Shrub, to 4 m tall, nodes swollen. Leaves cordate to suborbicular, bases auriculate; 5 to 8" long; 11 to 13 strongly evident veins from base; pubescent beneath; petioles to 3 cm long, winged. Separate male and female plants; flower spikes shorter than the leaves. The narcotic sedative drink kava (kiva) is prepared by chewing the roots and spitting out the pulp to be diluted and fermented. Native to Fiji and Western Pacific. (B95-712; Steven H. Cook). (Huxley 1992; Everett 1981; Mabberely 1989).
Rhynchosia michauxii Vail, Leguminosae (or Fabaceae), a snoutbean: Trailing, perennial vine with stems to 1 m long. Leaves unifoliate, to 4.5 cm (1¾") long, reniform to oblate. Racemes with 2 to 8 flowers. Yellow corollas shorter than calyx. Legume to 1.5 cm (ca. ½") long, with 2 seeds. Endemic to Florida (one record from Georgia). Pineland, pine-palmetto, sandhills, savannahs, coastal beaches, roadsides. No other vining bean with unifoliate leaves in our area. (B95-731; Willie L. Casady). (Isely 1990).
GLOSSARY: lanose: wooly, with long curling trichomes; lepidote: minute scales. silique: long and narrow fruit of the Cruciferae. pepo: a type of fruit, a false berry with an inseparable hard rind and numerous seeds. uncinulate: tiny hairs which are apically hooked.
REFERENCES
- Correll, D.S. and H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama Archipelago. J. Cramer, Hirschberg, Germany. 1692 p.
- Cronquist, A. 1980. Asteraceae. Vascular flora of the Southeastern United States, Vol 1. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 261 p.
- Everett, T.H. (ed.) 1981. The New York Botanical Garden illustrated encyclopedia of horticulture. 10 vols. 3601 p.
- Huxley, A.J. (ed.) 1992. New Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 4 vols. Macmillan Press, London. 3,240 p.
- Isely, D. 1990. Leguminosae (Fabaceae). Vascular flora of the Southeastern United States. Vol 3, Part 2. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 238 p.
- Mabberley, D.J. 1989. The plant-book. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 706 p.
- Morton, J.F. 1981. Atlas of medicinal plants of middle America, Bahamas to Yucatan. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL. 1420 p.
- Nash, D.L. 1976. Tribe Heliantheae (Compositae). Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana 24, XII:181-360.
- Radford, A.E., H. Ahles, and C.R. Bell. 1964. The manual of the vascular flora of the Carolina. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 1183 p.
- Small, J.K. 1933. Manual of the southeastern flora. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 1554 p.
- Taylor, W.K. 1992. The guide to Florida wildflowers. Taylor Publishing Co., Dallas, TX. 320 p.
| Botany Section | Entomology Section | Nematology Section | Plant Pathology Section | Back to Top |
ENTOMOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by Susan E. Halbert, Ph.D.
For the month of September, there were 885 samples consisting of 13,796+ specimens. In October, there were 777 samples consisting of 13,319+ specimens. Some of the samples processed are listed below:
ORNAMENTALS, WOODY PLANTS AND PALMS: Cocos nucifera (coconut palm)-- Ceroplastes rusci (L.), fig wax scale: A slight infestation of this serious pest was found at a nursery in Clearwater, Pinellas County (5 September 1995; Lisa Lanza).
Cocos nucifera (coconut)-- Aleurotrachelus atratus Hempel, a whitefly: A 1% infestation of 50 plants was found at a nursery in Naples, Collier County (20 October 1995; Matthew W. Brodie). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Conocarpus erectus var. sericeus (silver buttonwood)-- Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), Diaprepes weevil: a severe infestation involving 100% of more than 60 of these native plants at a nursery in Ft. Lauderdale, Broward County (29 September 1995; Karolynne M. Vanyo).
Cussonia paniculata (cabbage tree)-- Aphis spiraecola Patch, spirea aphid: A moderate infestation involving 50% of 50 plants at a nursery in Parrish, Manatee County (24 October 1995; Mark L. Runnals). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Cycas revoluta (sago)-- Typhaea stercorea (L.), a mycetophagid beetle: intercepted at a nursery in Miami, Dade County in burlap sacks containing sago seeds from China (18 August 1995; Yolanda I. Inguanzo).
Eugenia axillaris (white stopper)-- Anthonomus alboannulatus Boheman, a weevil: A moderate to severe infestation involving hundreds of these native plants at a nursery in Homestead, Dade County (5 October 1995; Lynn D. Howerton).
Haematoxylum campechianum (logwood or bloodwood)-- Freysuila dugesii Aleman: a psyllid planthopper: A moderate to severe infestation on one dooryard plant in Hollywood, Broward County (11 July 1995 and 3 October 1995; Karolynne M. Vanyo). NEW FLORIDA RECORD.
Koelreuteria elegans (golden rain tree)-- Philephedra tuberculosa Nakahara & Gill, a scale: A moderate infestation in Cape Coral, Lee County at a discount store (5 October 1995; Shelia J. Foe).
Macrozamia mooreii (a cycad)-- Parlatoria proteus (Curtis), proteus scale: A severe infestation involving 100% of eight plants at a nursery in Homestead, Dade County (27 September 1995; Lynn D. Howerton).
Nolina recurvata (ponytail)-- Opuntiaspis carinata (Ckll.), carinate scale and Parlatoria proteus (Curtis), proteus scale: A moderate infestation involving over 50% of 500 plants at a nursery in Davie, Broward County (22 September 1995; Rita J. Carpenter).
Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)-- Phoenicococcus marlatti Ckll., red date scale: Intercepted in a shipment of 13 trees from California to Daytona Beach, Volusia County (20 September 1995; Tracy L. Wright). The pest has limited distribution in Florida and has not been reported in Volusia County environs.
Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)-- Latrodectus hesperus Chamberlin & Ivie, Western black widow spider: One spider intercepted in a shipment from California to a nursery in Boynton Beach, Palm Beach County (14 September 1995; Ellen J. Tannehill).
Tabebuia heterophylla (pink trumpet tree)-- Hyblaea puera (Cramer), teak moth: A moderate to severe infestation involving about 500 plants at a nursery in Homestead, Dade County (27 September 1995; Lynn D. Howerton).
ORNAMENTALS, FOLIAGE PLANTS: Aglaonema nitidum `Silver Queen' (silver queen aglaonema)-- Pseudococcus elisae Borchsenius, a mealybug: An infestation at an IFAS research station in Apopka, Orange County (21 September 1995; L. Osborne, IFAS). This mealybug is rapidly expanding its range and is known from Central and South America and Florida.
Alternanthera ficoidea (Joseph's coat)-- Hypogeococcus pungens Granara de Willink, a mealybug: An infestation involving 80% of 40 plants caused huge cottony galls and killed plants at a nursery in Tampa, Hillsborough County (31 August 1995; Rebecca H. Lemstrom). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Codiaeum variegatum var. pictum (croton)-- Philephedra tuberculosa Nakahara & Gill, a scale: A severe infestation involving 100% of nine plants at a nursery in Tampa, Hillsborough County (25 October 1995; Rebecca H. Lemstrom).
Epipremnum aureum (pothos)-- Zachrysia provisoria (Pfeiffer), Cuban land snail: An infestation involving 20% of six plants at a nursery in Apopka, Orange County (18 September 1995; Leslie J. Wilber).
Epipremnum aureum (pothos)-- Parallaxis sp., a leafhopper: A severe infestation involving all 2000 plants at a nursery in Apopka, Orange County (22 September 1995; Barbara J. Wilder and Charles A. `Zo' Cooper). This leafhopper is native to Central America and is frequently intercepted in shipments from that area. Repeated detections in the Apopka area suggest establishment in Florida.
Ilex sp. (a holly)-- Hemiberlesia lataniae (Sign.), latania scale: A severe infestation involving 1% of thousands of plants at nursery in Odessa, Hillsborough County (14 September 1995; Cindy S. Kamelhair).
Tillandsia sp. (a bromeliad)-- Neolobophora ruficeps (Burmeister), an earwig: An infestation of this exotic species was intercepted in a shipment from Honduras to a nursery in Sarasota, Manatee County (24 March 1995; James E. `Jim' McKee and Mark L. Runnals).
FLOWERING ORNAMENTALS: Agapanthus africanus `Peter Pan' (Peter Pan cultivar of lily-of-the-Nile)-- Polygura sp., a snail: An infestation involving 1% of 20 plants at a nursery in Naples, Collier County (22 September 1995; Matthew W. Brodie).
Cestrum nocturnum (lady of the night, or night blooming jessamine)-- Philephedra tuberculosa Nakahara & Gill, a scale: An infestation at a discount store in Cape Coral, Lee County (5 October 1995; Shelia J. Foe).
Delonix regia (royal poinciana)-- Melipotis acontiodes (Gn.), a noctuid caterpillar: A severe infestation on two plants with thousands of caterpillars which climbed the tree every night to feed in Homestead, Dade County (2 October 1995; Donna Huff and Holly Glenn, IFAS).
Gardenia augusta (gardenia)-- Pulvinaria psidii Maskell, green shield scale: A severe infestation at a home in Orlando, Orange County (23 October 1995; Barbara J. Wilder).
Ixora sp. (ixora)-- Minutalerodes minutus (Singh), minute whitefly: Moderate to severe infestations involving thousands of plants at nurseries in Broward County: three locations in Ft. Lauderdale (13 September 1995; J. Keith Harris/ 6 October 1995; Rita J. Carpenter/ and 26 October; Karolynne M. Vanyo); two locations in Davie (21 September 1995; R. J. Carpenter), in Miami (29 September 1995; K.M. Vanyo) and in Sunrise (6 October 1995; R.J. Carpenter).
Ixora sp. (ixora)-- Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis (Green), trilobe scale: A moderate infestation involving about 80% of 500 plants at a nursery in Homestead, Dade County (4 October 1995; Yolanda I. Inguanzo).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES: Acer rubrum (red maple)-- Episimus tyrius Heinrich, a leaf tier: A severe infestation causing serious damage to 85% of 300 container grown native trees at a nursery in Jacksonville, Duval County (12 September 1995; Flewellyn W. Podris).
FOOD OR CROP PLANTS: Capsicum annuum (pepper)-- Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), broad mite: A moderate infestation involving 50% of 800 plants at a nursery in Miami, Dade County (29 September 1995; Louis T. Lodyga).
Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry)-- Minutaleyrodes minutus (Singh), minute whitefly: A moderate infestation involving all 560 plants at a nursery in Ft. Lauderdale, Broward County (26 October 1995; Karolynne M. Vanyo).
Petroselinum crispum (Italian parsley)-- Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom), a thrips: A moderate infestation involving 75% of 2000 plants at a nursery in Naples, Collier County (26 September 1995; Matthew W. Brodie).
Solanum melongena (eggplant)-- Tetranychus evansi Baker & Prichard, a mite: A severe infestation causing serious crop damage to 90% of 50 plants at an IFAS research station in Homestead, Dade County (25 September 1995; Holly Glenn, IFAS).
Vaccinium sp. prob. corymbosum (blueberry)-- Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fab.), Indian wax scale: A moderate infestation involving 10% of 750 plants at a nursery in Plant City, Hillsborough County (9 October 1995; Alan R. Haynes).
CITRUS: Citrus aurantiifolia (lime) and Citrus x paradisi `Marsh' (Marsh grapefruit)-- Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, citrus blackfly: A moderate to severe infestation of 50% of 62 plants at a discount store in Altamonte Springs, Seminole County (9 October 1995; Anne F. Weathers).
Citrus sinensis `Pineapple' (Pineaple sweet orange)-- Bothrotes canaliculatus (Say), a darkling beetle: A very high population in a citrus grove in Groveland, Lake County (15 September 1995; Lynn E. Zellers).
WEEDS OR GRASSES: Taraxacum officinale (dandelion)-- Helix aspersa Muller, brown garden snail: One snail at a nursery in Clearwater, Pinellas County (9 September 1995; Liza Lanza).
NATIVE OR NATURALIZED PLANTS: Asclepias sp. (a milkweed)-- Asterolecanium sp. a pit scale: A severe infestation of 90% of 25 plants at a nursery in Eustis, Lake County (20 September 1995; Christine M. `Christy' Murphy).
Callicarpa americana (beauty berry, or French-mulberry)-- Morganella longispina (Morgan), plumose scale: An infestation on one dooryard plant in Hollywood, Broward County (3 October 1995; Karolynne M. Vanyo). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Cereus eriophorus var. fragrans (fragrant prickly-apple cactus)-- Carpophilus craigheadi Dobson, a sap beetle: An infestation inside flowers of this federally endangered plant at the Fairchild Tropical Gardens nursery in Miami, Dade County (28 August 1995; Gwen H. Myres).
Liatris sp. (a blazing star)-- Brevipalpus nr. keiferi Pritchard & Baker, a mite: An infestation caused distorted growth and proliferated buds at a nursery in De Leon Springs, Volusia County (18 September 1995; Carol Murphy, nursery).
Morus sp. (a mulberry)-- Ceroplastes rusci (L.), fig wax scale: One infested plant at a nursery in Boynton Beach, Palm Beach County (11 October 1995; Steven H. Cook). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Nyssa sylvatica (black gum, or tupelo)-- Protopulvinaria mangiferae (Green), mango shield scale: An infestation of 1% of 320 plants at a nursery in Deltona, Volusia County (8 September 1995; Joseph S. Beckwith). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Passiflora incarnata (maypop)-- Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe, oleander aphid: An infestation at a nursery in Haines City, Polk County (7 September 1995; Stephen A. Bohnstedt, Harmon L. Gillis and W. Jack Shirley). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Solidago sp. (a goldenrod)-- probably Eurosta pateralis (Wiedemann), a tephritid fly: An infestation on one plant in a natural area near Titusville, Brevard County (26 September 1995; Karen L. Garrett-Kraus and Nancy C. Coile). An exceptional find, since this rare species is known from less than two dozen specimens from the Atlantic ridge dune complex of Brevard Co., and has not been collected since the 1930s (G. Steck).
INSECTS OF MEDICAL OR VETERINARY IMPORTANCE: Homo sapiens (a human)-- Hermetia illucens (L.), a stratiomyiid maggot: An infestation in Tallahassee (10 October 1995; Adelle Grosskopf, FAMU). The patient had been passing larvae since visiting Mexico a year ago. Diarrhea occurred all during that time. The insect has been reported to cause myiasis* in humans.
MISCELLANEOUS ARTHROPOD DETECTION: Aphanisticus cochinchinae seminulum (Obenberger), a metallic wood boring beetle: From a sweepnet sample in Port St. Lucie, St. Lucie County (25 October 1995; James J. Walukiewicz and Janet L. Young). This insect was previously known only from Alachua County. NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Blapstinus fortis LeConte, a darkling beetle: An infestation in caulk on new construction in Brandon, Hillsborough County (1 September 1995; J. Bee, construction).
Grammoinota texana (Banks), a spider: One adult in Avon Park, Highlands County (29 September 1995; James E. Bennett and Kenneth L. Hibbard). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Silvanus castaneus MacLeay, Australian silvanid beetle, and Silvanus lewisi Reitter Asian silvanid beetle: A mixed infestation from new trailers in Lake Buena Vista, Orange and Osceola Counties (23 August 1995; S. Glasscock, Disney World). Both species are recently established in Florida.
Sinoxylon conigerum Gerstaeker, a false powder post beetle: A severe infestation was intercepted in Alachua, Alachua County in wooden crates originating in India (2 October 1995; Maria E. Peacock and Hubert W. Collins).
Spartocera batatas (Fabricius), a coreid bug: A single specimen was collected at a home in Miami, Dade County (2 October 1995; Ramón A. Dones). This is the second find in Florida for this newly introduced pest of sweet potato.
FEDERAL-STATE PLANT QUARANTINE PROGRAMS: Brassica oleracea Acephala group (kale)-- Helix aspersa, brown garden snail: A severe infestation in one box intercepted in a shipment from California to Tampa, Hillsborough County (10 October 1995; Rebecca H. Lemstrom).
GLOSSARY: myiasis: infestation of human tissue by fly maggots or flies or a disease resulting from it.
PLANT PATHOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by John W. Miller, Ph.D.
For this period, the Plant Pathology Section received and processed 1,137 specimens. These included 901 pathology, 23 miscellaneous, 22 soil, and 191 suspect canker samples.
ORNAMENTALS, WOODY PLANTS AND PALMS: Abutilon sp. (pink flowering-maple)-- Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle) Stapp, bacterial leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Ft. McCoy, Marion County (11 September 1995; Floyd J. McHenry, P953639). NEW HOST RECORD.
Annona cherimola (cherimoya, or custard apple)-- Fusarium oxysporum Schlendtend.:Fr. & Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., root rot: Collected at a nursery in Boynton Beach, Palm Beach County (11 October 1995; Steven H. Cook, P954067). NEW HOST RECORD.
Butia capitata (pindo palm, or jelly palm)-- Pythium splendens H. Braun, root rot: Collected at a nursery in Perry, Taylor County (14 September 1995; M. `Janie' Echols, P953720). NEW HOST RECORD.
Callinandra sp. (a powderpuff)-- Pyrenochaeta sp., leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Ft. McCoy, Marion County (11 October 1995; G. Gruenbeck, nursery owner, P954025). NEW HOST RECORD.
X Cupressocyparis leylandii (Leyland cypress)-- Kabatia sp., tip blight: Collected at a dooryard in Ocala, Marion County (13 October 1995; Floyd J. McHenry, P954119). NEW HOST RECORD.
Exothea paniculata (inkwood, a native species)-- Xanthomonas sp., bacterial leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Tavernier, Dade County (05 October 1995; Lynn D. Howerton, P954019). NEW HOST RECORD.
Fothergilla sp. (a fothergilla)-- Cercospora sp., leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Quincy, Gadsden County (12 September 1995; Jimmie R. Wigelsworth, P952696). NEW HOST RECORD.
Jatropha integerrima (spicy jatropha)-- Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle) Stapp, bacterial leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Ft. McCoy, Marion County (12 September 1995; Floyd J. McHenry, P953631). NEW HOST RECORD.
Ilex x attenuata `East Palatka' (East Palatka holly)-- Dothiorella sp., leaf spot: Collected on US 1 North in St. Augustine, St. Johns County (22 September 1995; Gretchan L. Langley, P953870). NEW HOST RECORD.
Nageia nagi (broadleaf podocarpus; syn: Podocarpus nagi)-- Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. & Pythium sp., root rot: Collected at a nursery in Crescent City, Putnam County (01 September 1995; Gretchan L. Langley, P953427). NEW HOST RECORDS.
Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)-- Serenomyces phoenicis, leaf spot: Collected at a dooryard in Homestead, Dade County (27 September 1995; Bill Graves, IFAS, P953854). NEW STATE RECORD.
Rhaphiolepis indica (India Hawthorn)-- Rhizoctonia sp., leaf blight: Collected at a nursery in Haines City, Polk County (20 October 1995; Steven C. Gillis, P954145). NEW HOST RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FLOWERING PLANTS: Adenium obesum (desert rose)-- Aristatoma sp., leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Pembroke Park, Broward County (21 August1995; Karolynne M. Vanyo, P953228). NEW HOST RECORD.
Barleria cristata (Philippine violet)-- Rhizoctonia sp., leaf blight: Collected at a nursery in Enterprise, Volusia County (20 October 1995; Joseph S. Beckwith, P954147). NEW HOST RECORD.
Catasetum sp. (an orchid)-- Mycoleptodiscus indicus (Sahni) Sutton, leaf spot: Collected at a dooryard in Apopka, Orange County (20 October 1995; Anthony N. Capitano, P954167). NEW HOST RECORD.
Dietes iridioides (African iris)-- Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr., root rot: Collected at a nursery in Lake Monroe, Seminole County (21 September 1995; Anne F. Weathers, P953836). NEW HOST RECORD.
Hemerocallis sp. (daylily)-- Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi), charcoal root rot: Collected at a nursery in Perry, Taylor County (19 September 1995; M. `Janie' Echols, P954187). NEW HOST RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FOLIAGE PLANTS: Costus sp. (spiral ginger)-- Cercospora sp., leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Gainesville, Alachua County (12 September 1995; Maria E. Peacock, Hubert W. Collins, Nancy C. Coile, P953596). NEW HOST RECORD.
Gaultheria shallon (salal)-- Phyllosticta gaultheriae Ellis & Everh., leaf spot: Collected at a dooryard in Deland, Volusia County (26 August1995; T. Lawrence, homeowner, P953414).
Hemionitis arifolia (heart fern)-- Myrothecium roridum Tode:Fr., leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Apopka, Orange County (10 October 1995; Leslie J. Wilber, P954045). NEW HOST RECORD.
Pilea involucrata `Moon Valley'(Moon Valley friendship plant)-- Cercospora sp., leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Apopka, Orange County (30 August1995; Leslie J. Wilber, P953391). NEW HOST RECORD.
Sagittaria sp. (an arrowhead)-- Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (L. R. Jones) Bergey et al., bacterial leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Ft. Lauderdale, Broward County (18 October 1995; Rita J. Carpenter, P954184). NEW HOST RECORD.
FOREST AND SHADE TREES: Acer rubrum (red maple, a native species)-- Mitteriella sp. & Sarcinella sp., black mildew: Collected at a nursery in Monticello, Jefferson County (15 September 1995; Jimmie R. Wigelsworth, P953694). NEW STATE RECORD.
Cercis canadensis (redbud, a native species)-- Phaeoramularia sp., leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Gainesville, Alachua County (26 September 1995; Maria E. Peacock, P953815). NEW HOST RECORD.
Platanus occidentalis (sycamore, a native species)-- Phloeospora multimaculans Heald & F. A. Wolf, leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Archer, Alachua County (07 September 1995; Maria E. Peacock, P953486). NEW STATE RECORD.
Taxodium distichum (bald cypress, a native species)-- Discosia sp., secondary pathogen: Collected at a nursery in Naples, Collier County (20 October 1995; Matthew W. Brodie, P954149). NEW HOST RECORD.
CITRUS: Citrus X paradisi (grapefruit)-- Xanthomonas axonopodis Vauterin, Hoste, Kersters & Swings pv. citri (Hasse) Dye [synonym: X. campestris cv. citri], citrus canker, Asian strain: Collected at a dooryard in Westchester community of Miami, Dade County (28 September 1995; Willio L. Francillon, X9500001). Diagnostics were performed by scientists at DPI, IFAS, USDA, and a private laboratory. On 20 October 1995, the Declaration of Emergency was signed by Commissioner of Agriculture Bob Crawford for an eradication program for citrus canker. The quarantine area includes over 100 square miles and covers these communities surrounding Miami Internation Airport: Westchester, Sweetwater, Virginia Gardens, West Miami, Coral Gables and South Miami.
NATIVE OR NATURALIZED PLANTS: Campyloneuron phyllitidis (long strap fern)-- Rhizoctonia sp., leaf spot: Collected at a preserve in Copeland, Collier County (20 September 1995; Matthew W. Brodie, Paul L. Hornby, Debra S. Chalot, P953795). NEW HOST RECORD.
Matelea sp. (vine)-- Puccinia obliqua Berk. & M. A. Curtis in Berk., leaf and stem rust: Collected at the Enchanted Forest near Titusville, Brevard County (26 September 1995; Karen L. Garrett-Kraus, Nancy C. Coile, P953851).
