TRI-OLOGY, Vol. 35, No. 4
Nancy C. Coile, Ph. D., Managing Editor
JULY-AUGUST 1996
PI-96T-19
Wayne N. Dixon, Ph. D., Editor
| Botany Section | Entomology Section | Nematology Section | Plant Pathology Section |
BOTANY SECTION
Compiled by Carlos R. Artaud
Added to the herbarium collection during this period were 78 mounted specimens (total of 7,416). Larry W. Smith (R1,A1) and Anne F. Weathers (R2,A1) submitted one specimen each new to the herbarium. For this period, 82 specimens were submitted to Botany for identification, and 901 were received from other Sections for identification and/or name verification (for a total of 983 samples). Some of the samples are described below:
Acer palmatum Thunb., Aceraceae, Japanese maple: Shrub or tree to 8 m tall; crown rounded. Branches glabrous, slender. Leaves to 10 cm wide, suborbicular, bright green and glabrous above, paler beneath, vein axils pubescent, palmately and deeply 5-11 -lobed to about the middle, lobes lanceolate-ovate or lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, biserrate, cuspidate; petioles slender, to 4 cm long. Flowers reddish-purple, in small, glabrous corymbs; disc extrastaminal, stamens 8; samaras* glabrous, wings diverging at an obtuse angle, but incurved above; nutlets strongly veined, convex, to 1 cm across. There are a vast number of cultivars with leaves green, red to purple, yellowish, or variegated, and variously dissected. Native of Japan and Korea. Hillsborough County (B96-229, Kathy A. Macias). (Bailey 1976; Huxley 1992).
Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Kochne, Vitaceae, peppervine: Woody vine, growth herbaceous until late in the season; old woody stems to 6-7 cm in diameter, somewhat swollen at the older nodes, climbing by means of forked tendrils. Leaves deciduous, alternate, compound, blades more or less triangular in outline, unevenly 2-pinnate, ternate, or partially tripinnate; leaflets short-stalked, terminal leaflets with longer stalks than the lateral ones, leaflets 1-6(7) cm long, ovate, bases rounded, truncate, or shortly tapered, margins prominently few-toothed, apices pointed and cusplike above the uppermost teeth; petioles, leaves axes, leaflet stalks and major veins of the lower surfaces of leaflets sparsely shaggy-pubescent. Inflorescence a Y-shaped compound cyme borne opposite the leaves on branchlets of the season, their stalks longer than the leaves. Flowers very small; petals arched-reflexed at full anthesis*. Berry lustrous-black, oblate to subglobose, mostly 8-14 mm across. Steam banks, floodplain forests, in and on the banks of marshes, sand and gravel bars, moist to wet hammocks, fence and hedge rows. From Maryland to southern Illinois and Missouri, generally southward to South Florida and eastern Texas. Dade County (B96-211, Gwen H. Myres). (Godfrey 1988).
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC., Leguminosae, sissoo tree, Indian rosewood: Tree to 25 m tall, with full rounded crown, gray bark; branches stout; season's twigs zigzag, finely striate, brownish, becoming gray. Leaves alternate, to 18 cm long, 3 or 5 leaflets; leaflets to 8 cm long and 5.5 cm broad, suborbicular, thin, acuminate, base rounded. Inflorescence axillary, paniculate; calyx 5 mm long, 2-lipped; corolla almost twice the calyx length, yellow-white, standard obovate, notched, wings to 4 mm long, 1 mm wide equalling keel; stamens 9. Fruit stalk to 7 cm long; legume to 10 cm across, oblong, compressed, one or two-seeded. Introduced as an ornamental and naturalized in South Florida, listed as a Category II species by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Native of India. This species is often mistaken for Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallow tree) which was listed June 30, 1996 in Chapter 5B-57 as a Florida Noxious Weed. Chinese tallow has simple leaves, while sissoo tree has compound leaves. Orange County (B96-230, Barbara J. Wilder). (Bailey 1976; Huxley 1992; Long and Lakela 1971).
Duranta erecta L. (=Duranta repens), Verbenaceae, golden-dewdrop, skyflower: Shrub or small tree to 6 m tall, sometimes spiny, branches often drooping or trailing. Leaves to 7.5 cm long and 3.5 cm broad, opposite, obovate to ovate-elliptic, acuminate or obtuse, base cuneate, margins entire or serrate, glabrescent; petiole to 1.5 cm long. Inflorescence a raceme to 15 cm long, terminal or axillary, erect or recurved, many-flowered; pedicels to 5 mm long; calyx to 4 mm long, angled, teeth triangular; corolla white, lilac, blue or purple, limb to 9 mm in diameter. Fruit to 11 mm in diameter, orange-yellow, globose. Natural range from South Florida, through West Indies, and tropical America, naturalized in southern Texas. Lake County (B96-254, Christine M. Murphy). (Bailey 1976; Huxley 1992; Long and Lakela 1971).
Erythrina herbacea L., Leguminosae, Cherokee bean, coral bean: Shrub, to 8 m tall. Leaves trifoliate, stipules spiny; petiole 8-15 cm long, leaflets stalked, to 7 cm long and 7 cm wide across the hastate lobes. Racemes 10-35 cm long; flowers many, opening in succession; calyx 6-9 mm long, oblique; corolla scarlet, standard folded, notched at apex, 2-4 cm long, 11 mm wide; wings 11 mm long, broadly cordate, clawed; keel 10 mm long, clawed, flabellate. Staminal sheath to 26 mm long with short and long free filaments at two different levels, all filaments arising above the middle. Pistil 5 cm long, style with small stigma. Legume stalked, 7-10 cm long, black; seeds polished, crimson, 10-12 mm long, linger in split pod. The seeds are used to poison rats and dogs in Mexico. South Carolina to Florida, west to Texas and northeastern Mexico. Escambia County (B96-206, Joseph H. Robinson). (Bailey 1976; Long and Lakela 1971; Perkins and Payne 1978).
Ipomospsis rubra (L.) Wherry, Polemoniaceae, standing cypress, Spanish larkspur: Erect, unbranched perennial, or biennial to 2 m tall, subglabrous to sparsely pubescent, never glandular. Leaves to 2.5 cm long in a basal rosette, pinnate, segments filiform. Inflorescence a narrow, terminal thyrse-like panicle; sepals 8-9 mm long, fused for less than half their length, with a small apical awn; corolla 2-2.5 cm long, scarlet, tube interior yellow and red-spotted, lobes ca. 9 mm long and 5 mm wide. South Carolina to Florida, west to Texas. Coastal dunes and dry pinelands. Jefferson County (B96-226, James H. Aldrich). (Huxley 1992; Wunderlin 1982). Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br., Schizaeaceae, tropical climbing fern, Old World climbing fern: Rhizomes creeping, densely brown- to black-pubescent. fronds to 3 m long; primary rachis 1.5 mm in diameter, secondary rachis 4 mm in diameter, terminating in dormant bud, producing 1 pair of lateral branches, tertiary rachis to 15 cm long, pinnately branched, pinnules 3-6 on each side, stalked, glabrous, sterile pinnules lanceolate-ovate, cordate at base, fertile pinnules ovate to deltate. Sporangiophores* 4-6 mm long; spores reticulate. Naturalized in Florida and Jamaica, listed as a Category I species by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Look for a future Botany circular. Widespread in the Old World tropics. Okeechobee County (B96-268, James E. Bennett). (Huxley 1992).
Physalis angustifolia Nutt., Solanaceae, coastal ground-cherry: Stems diffusely branching, scattered stellate pubescent when young, becoming glabrous at maturity. Leaves five to ten times longer than wide, linear to linear-lanceolate, entire, tapered to the petiole. Flowers solitary on nodding peduncles, calyx glabrous except stellate-ciliate margins of lobes; corolla about 2 cm wide, yellow with a purplish center. Fruiting calyx about 2 cm long, ovoid. Coastal areas, rich soil, south Florida to Louisiana. Bay County (B96-202, Larry W. Smith). (Long and Lakela 1971).
Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn., Myrtaceae, brush cherry: Tree to 15 m, but generally smaller and somewhat shrubby in habit. Bark flaky, almost forming a mosaic pattern with outer blaze cream, pale brown or pink, fibrous in texture; twigs rounded to slightly 4-angled. Leaves 4.7-8.9 cm long and 1.5-2.8 cm broad, lanceolate to slightly obovate, acuminate. Inflorescence terminal and in the upper axils, cymose, sometimes paniculate; flowers 4-merous; petals concave, orbicular, sometimes shortly clawed. Outer staminal filaments 6-16 mm long. Fruit globular to ovoid, usually magenta but may be white, pink, red, or dark purple. Widely utilized as a hedge in Florida and California. Native of Australia. Manatee County (B96-233, L. Wayne Clifton). (Huxley 1992).
GLOSSARY: anthesis: the period when pollen is released from the anthers; samara: a dry, one-seeded, winged achene, eg., the seed of maple, elm, ash; sporangiophore: the stalk supporting the sporangium; sporangium: a spore case, the structure which produces spores.
REFERENCES
- L. H. Bailey Hortorium Staff. 1976. Hortus third, a concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. 1,290 p.
- Godfrey, R. K. 1988. Trees, shrubs, and woody vines of northern Florida and adjacent Georgia and Alabama. The University of Georgia Press, Athens. 734 p.
- Huxley, A. J. (ed.) 1992. New Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 4 vols. Macmillan Press, London. 3,240 p.
- Long, R. W. and O. Lakela. 1971. A flora of tropical Florida. University of Miami Press, Coral Gables. 962 p.
- Perkins, K.D. and W.W. Payne. 1978. Guide to the poisonous and irritant plants of Florida. University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Cooperative Extension Service, Gainesville, FL. Circular 441. 91 p.
ENTOMOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by Susan E. Halbert, Ph.D.
For the month of July, there were 1009 samples consisting of 16,516 + specimens. In August, there were 902 samples consisting of 19,718+ specimens. Some of the samples processed are listed below:
ORNAMENTALS, WOODY PLANTS AND PALMS: Chamaedorea cataractarum (palm)-- Ischnaspis longirostris (Signoret), black thread scale: A severe infestation was found at a park in Miami, Dade County (25 July 1996; Gwen H. Myres).
Chysalidocarpus cabadae (cabada palm)-- Metamasius hemipterus sericeus (Oliver), silky cane weevil: An infestation was found on one plant at a park in Miami, Dade County (27 July 1996; Miguel J. Perales). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Juniperus davurica `Expansa' (parson juniper)-- Trisetacus juniperinus (Nalepa), an eriophyid mite: A slight infestation involved 1000 plants at a nursery in Eustis, Lake County (22 June 1996; Stephen P. Beidler). The mite is a serious pest of ornamental junipers (W. Cal Welbourn, Ph.D., acarologist).
Veitchia sp. (palm)-- Myndus crudus van Dezee: American palm cixiid planthopper: A specimen was found at a nursery in Fort Lauderdale, Broward County (28 June 1996; Scott Shea). This insect vectors the lethal yellowing phytoplasma pathogen.
ORNAMENTALS, FOLIAGE PLANTS: Cycas circinalis (queen sago)-- Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli (Cooley), magnolia white scale: A severe infestation was found at a residence in Miami, Dade county (7 August 1996; Bob Gaskell, homeowner).
Ficus sp. (a ficus)-- Philephedra tuberculosa (Nakahara & Gill), a scale insect: A severe infestation causing tree decline and heavy sooty mold was found at a residence near Homestead Air Force Base in Homestead, Dade County (26 August 1996; Edward T. Putland).
Gramineae (a bamboo)-- Agelenopsis sp., Dysdera crocata C.L. Koch, and Metaphidippus ?vitis (Cockerell) group, spiders: A slight infestation was found on leaves of plants at a nursery in Ruskin, Hillsborough County (7 August 1996; Mark L. Runnals and L. Wayne Clifton). The spiders probably came from the southeastern United States (G.B. Edwards, Ph.D., arachnologist).
ORNAMENTALS, FLOWERING PLANTS: Cuphea hyssopifolia (false heather)-- Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, silverleaf whitefly: A severe infestation involved all of 40 plants at a discount store in Orlando, Orange County (26 June 1996; Tyson R. Emery and Anthony N. Capitano).
Encyclia tampensis (butterfly orchid, a native species)-- Diaspis boisduvalii (Signoret), boisduval scale: A severe infestation was found at a nursery in Windemere, Orange county (8 June 1996; Barbara J. Wilder).
Lantana camara (lantana, on Exotic Pest Plant Council list as invasive)-- Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, silverleaf whitefly: A severe infestation involved all of 25 plants at a discount store in Orlando, Orange County (26 June 1996; Tyson R. Emery and Anthony N. Capitano).
Mandevilla sp. (mandevilla)-- Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, silverleaf whitefly: A severe infestation involved all of 20 plants at a discount store in Orlando, Orange County (26 June 1996; Tyson R. Emery and Anthony N. Capitano).
Spathiphyllum sp. (a peace lily)-- Psydrothrips luteolus Nakahara & Tsuda, a thrips: A moderate infestation on 18,926 plants was found at a nursery in Sorrento, Lake County (1 July 1996; Christine M. Murphy).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES: Bursera simaruba (gumbo limbo or tourist tree, a native species)-- Philephedra tuberculosa Nakahara & Gill, a scale insect: A moderate to severe infestation involved 95% of 300 plants (1 acre) at a nursery in Homestead, Dade county (12 August 1996; Edward T. Putland). The infestation was nearly killing the trees.
Magnolia grandiflora (southern magnolia or bullbay, a native species)-- Toumeyella liriodendri (Gmelin), tuliptree scale: A severe infestation was found on a plant at a residence in Lutz, Hillsborough county (17 July 1996; Cindy S. Kamelhair; Gil Whitton, homeowner).
Manikara roxburghiana (mimusops)-- Palinaspis quohogiformis (Merrill), quohog-shaped scale: A moderate to severe infestation was found on two of four plants at a construction business in Homestead, Dade County (23 April 1996; Lynn D. Howerton). NEW DPI HOST RECORD. Note: A quohog is shaped like a clam (Avas B. Hamon, Ph.D., entomologist).
FOOD OR CROP PLANTS: Beta vulgaris (red and green chard)-- Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), pea leafminer: Infestations were intercepted in shipments of organic produce from California in Winter Haven, Polk County (29 July 1996, 5 August 1996, 12 August 1996; James E. 'Pete' Lindsay III). Infestations found on 12 August were severe.
Mangifera indica (mango)-- Aspidotus destructor (Signoret), coconut scale: A severe infestation was found at a park in Miami, Dade county (26 July 1996; Gwen H. Myres).
Sechium edule (chayote or chow-chow)-- Pseudococcus landoi (Balachowsky), a mealybug: An infestation was intercepted on fruit in passenger baggage from Haiti at the Fort Lauderdale International Airport, Fort Lauderdale, Broward county (13 June 1996; A. Wildman, USDA/APHIS/PPQ). The mealybug does not occur in Florida (Avas B. Hamon, Ph.D., entomologist).
CITRUS: Citrus aurantium (sour orange)-- Icerya purchasi Maskell, cottony cushion scale: A moderate to severe infestation was found at a residence in Miami, Dade County (16 August 1996; Lynn D. Howerton and Irma D. Arauco. The scale is relatively common, but heavy infestations are rare because the scale insects are usually eaten by the vedalia beetle, a predator (Avas B. Hamon, Ph.D., entomologist).
Citrus limon (lemon)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: A moderate infestation was found in a commercial grove in Treasure Cay, Abaco, The Bahamas (7 August 1996; Robert C. Bullock, Ph.D., Robert R. Pelosi and David S. Craig (University of Florida, Indian River Research & Education Center, Ft. Pierce). This find is a national record for the Bahamas (Susan E. Halbert, Ph.D., entomologist).
Citrus limon (lemon)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: A slight infestation was found at a residence at Delray Beach, Palm Beach County (15 July 1996; Ellen J. Tannehill). The tree was found to have a strain of citrus tristeza virus that causes severe stem pitting in grapefruit (Lawrence G. Brown, Ph.D., virologist).
Citrus meyeri (meyer lemon)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: an infestation was found at a nursery in Hollywood, Broward County (27 June 1996; Nury M. Marrone).
Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: A slight infestation was found at a trailer park in Stuart, Martin County (4 July 1996; M. Laird Weaver). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: A slight infestation was found at a trailer park in Fort Pierce, St. Lucie County (16 July 1996; James J. Walukiewicz). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
An intensive survey of Martin and St. Lucie counties during the week of 29 July - 2 August revealed that infestations were widespread throughout the two counties. However, density was usually low, particularly in large commercial groves (Susan E. Halbert, Ph.D., entomologist).
Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: A slight infestation was found in a city park in Ft. Pierce, St. Lucie County (17 July 1996; M. Laird Weaver).
Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: A slight infestation was found in a registered budwood block in Fort Pierce, St. Lucie County (1 August 1996; Susan E. Halbert, Ph.D., and Kenneth L. Hibbard (DPI); Robert R. Bullock, Ph.D., and Mike Burton (University of Florida, Indian River Research & Education Center at Ft. Pierce); Jo Ann Clemmons (USDA/APHIS/PPQ, Ocoee) and Floyd E. Crim (USDA/APHIS/PPQ, Palmetto).
Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: A slight infestation was found in a small grove at a residence in Bonita Springs, Lee County (13 August 1996; Floyd E. Crim, USDA/APHIS/PPQ, Palmetto). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Citrus sp. (citrus)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: A slight infestation was found at a foundation budwood grove in Immokalee, Collier County (23 July 1996; Mark A. Pomerinke (University of Florida, Southwest Florida Research & Education Center at Immokalee).
Citrus sp. (citrus)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: A slight infestation was found in an abandoned nursery in rural western Hendry County (2 July 1996; Susan E. Halbert and Walter W. Golden (DPI); and Floyd E. Crim (USDA/APHIS/PPQ, Palmetto). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
A survey of Hendry and Collier Counties from 1-5 July 1996 revealed that brown citrus aphids were widespread in the area, but they occurred at very low density. We estimated that experienced scouts could find one colony per approximately 1000 trees surveyed in bearing groves (Susan E. Halbert, Ph.D., entomologist).
Citrus sp. (citrus)-- Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, citrus leafminer: An infestation involving 100% of 10 plants was found at a residence in Eastpoint, Franklin County (21 August 1996; Larry W. Smith). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
WEEDS AND GRASSES: Solanum sisymbriifolium (sticky nightshade)-- Manduca sexta (L.), tobacco hornworm: Several specimens were found on roadside plants near Cottage Hill, Escambia County (12 July 1996; Joseph H. Robinson).
Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple, a noxious weed)-- Spodoptera latifascia Wakeel, garden armyworm: An infestation involved seven plants in a greenhouse at University of Florida, Indian River Research & Education Center at Ft. Pierce, St. Lucie County (29 July 1996; David T. Patterson, Ph.D., USDA/ARS).
Spartina sp. (a cord grass)-- Blissus insularis Barber, southern chinch bug: A slight infestation involved 25 of 2000 plants at a nursery in Tavares, Lake County (10 July 1996; Stephen P. Beidler). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Tripsacum dactyloides (Fakahatchee grass, a desirable native species)-- Hallaspis asymmetrica (Ferris), asymmetric scale: A moderate infestation was found on 100 plants near Pembroke Pines, Broward County (8 February 1996; Karolynne M. Vanyo). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Urena lobata (caesarweed)-- Althaeus hibisci Olivier, a bruchid beetle: A slight infestation was found in a citrus grove in Vero Beach, Indian River County (3 July 1996; Calie C. Jenkins and M. Laird Weaver). This species is not injurious to citrus (John M. Kingsolver, Ph.D., FSCA Research Associate). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
BENEFICIAL INSECTS: Toxoptera citricida (brown citrus aphid)-- Aphelinus spiraecolae Evans & Schauff, a parasitic wasp: Parasites were recovered from sleeve cage releases made in a moderately infested
orange grove in Davie, Broward County (17 July 1996; Ru Nguyen, Ph.D., Limhuot Nong, Ph.D., and Susan E. Halbert, Ph.D, (DPI entomologists).
Toxoptera citricida (brown citrus aphid)-- Brachiacantha decora Casey, a ladybug: Found feasting on a severe infestation of brown citrus aphids at a nursery in Miami, Dade County (11 July 1996; Yda L. Collera).
INSECTS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IMPORTANCE: Pseudolynchia canariensis (Macquart), a louse fly: This bird parasite was probably found on a pigeon in Apalachicola, Franklin County (25 July 1996; Richard K. Sprenkel, Ph.D., (University of Florida, North Florida Research & Education Center at Quincy) and Bicc Mahan).
INSECT DETECTION: Dinoderus minutus (Fabricius), a bostrichid beetle: An infestation was found in bamboo handles of fishing nets originating in China and intercepted in Titusville, Brevard County (19 August 1996; Karen L. Garrett-Kraus).
Lethocerus griseus (Say), a giant water bug: The bug was found in a commercial parking lot in Port Orange, Volusia County (20 August 1996; Tracy L. Wright). These bugs are over two inches long and have very nasty bites. NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), rose grass aphid: An adult winged individual was found in Miami, Dade County in a vial of Owens solution (sterile saline) from Puerto Rico but manufactured in France (14 June 1996; Ana Giral, Dade International Corporation). The aphid does not occur in Florida or Puerto Rico, but is a pest of cereal crops in France. Thus, it is likely that the aphid got into the vial in France (Susan E. Halbert).
Schizaphis rotundiventris (Signoret), an aphid: One specimen was collected in a suction trap in Quincy, Gadsden County (2-9 August 1996; Richard K. Sprenkel, Ph.D., (North Florida Research & Education Center at Quincy) and Susan E. Halbert). The aphid is relatively new to the Western Hemisphere. See Jan-Feb 1996 Triology. NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Sinoxylon conigerum Gerstaecker, a bostrichid beetle: A severe infestation was found in packing crates from India intercepted at an amusement park in Orlando, Orange County (24 August 1996; Scott Glasscock, park employee). A parasitic beetle, Aulonsoma tenebrioides Motschulsky, was found associated with the infestation of S. conigerum. Both the stored products pest (S. conigerum) and its parasite (A. tenebrioides) are not known to occur in Florida (Michael C. Thomas, Ph.D., entomologist).
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NEMATOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by Robert P. Esser, Ph.D.
A total of 1,825 samples were processed in July and August. Details are shown below:
Certification and Regulatory Samples:
Multistate Certification for National and
International Export 554
California Certification 635
Premovement 62
Site or Pit Approval 77
Burrowing Nematode 320
Other Samples:
Identification
(Invertebrate) 2
Out of State Survey, via
Florida Interceptions 26
Plant Problem 55
Intrastate Survey, Random 94
Quercus stellata (small post oak)-- The following nematodes were found for the first time associated with this plant: Belonolaimus sp., Heterodera sp., Meloidodera floridensis (Chitwood, Hannon & Esser, 1956), Gracilacus sp., Trophotylenchulus floridensis Raske, 1957, and Xenocriconemella macrodora (Taylor, 1936) (de Grisse & Loot, 1965), (20 June 1996; Robert P. Esser; N96-00826).
Burrowing Nematode Certified Soil Pits: A total of 136 soil pits encompassing 3,890 acres are operational.
Burrowing Nematode Certified Nurseries: A total of 588 nurseries encompassing 6,554 acres are operational. There are five nurseries comprising 18 acres in which certification has been disapproved.
Nematode Note 128: Natural Soil Cleaning (Bioremediation) If soil is enriched with materials high in nitrogen (e.g., alfalfa hay or cotton gin trash), proliferation of microbiota (bacteria, protozoa, fungi and nematodes) will very likely occur. Given time, moisture, and oxygen, the microflora produced will suppress disease organisms such as Rhizoctonia solani and also biodegrade many hazardous substances present in soil such as diesel oil, wood preservatives, DDT, toxaphene and highly chlorinated biphenyls. Reference: Pinckard, J.A., R.G. Davis and P.B. Richey, 1996. The natural process for cleansing soils of unwanted entities. Plant Disease 80 (9): 963.
Collectors Submitting Five or More Samples That Were Processed For Nematological Analysis During July and August 1996:
Dees, Carrie S. 93
Dones, Ramon A. 13
Fuller, Samuel A. 12
Harris, Jesse M. 106
Lanza, Lisa . 8
LeBoutillier, Karen W. 242
Nelson, Carl R. 33
Robinson, William L. "Robbie" 117
Salisbury, Thomas L. 174
Smith, W. Wayne 15
Toole, Jack D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
PLANT PATHOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by John W. Miller, Ph.D.
For this period, the Plant Pathology Section received and processed 1,482 specimens. These included 647 pathology, 14 miscellaneous, 26 soil, and 795 suspect canker samples received at our laboratory in Gainesville. Some of the samples are shown below:
ORNAMENTALS, WOODY PLANTS AND PALMS: Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese-cedar)-- Elsinoe sp., leaf scab: Collected at a nursery in Glen St. Mary, Baker County, (26 June 1996; Hubert W. Collins, Jr., and Charles H. Webb; P96-1747). NEW HOST RECORD.
Bauhinia sp. (an orchid tree)-- Inonotus rickii (Pat.) D. Reid, wood-decaying fungus: Collected at a dooryard in Miami, Dade County, (7 August 1996; William S. Brewton; P96-2197). NEW HOST RECORD.
Chamaedorea microspadix X Chamaedorea radicalus (hybrid palm)-- Phaeoisaria clemidis (Fuckel) Hughes, fungi: Collected at a nursery in Gainesville, Alachua County, (02 July 1996; Maria E. Peacock; P96-1804). NEW HOST RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FOLIAGE PLANTS: Amorphophallus rivieri `Konjac' (voodoo plant, or Asian snake arum)-- Sclerotium rolfsii, southern blight: Collected at a nursery in Gainesville, Alachua County, (2 July 1996; Maria E. Peacock; P96-1805). NEW HOST RECORD.
Cordyline terminalis `Tricolor' (ti plant)-- Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr., root rot: Collected at a nursery in Loxahatchee, Palm Beach County, (16 August 1996; Randall N. Mescher; P96-2280). NEW HOST RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FLOWERING PLANTS: Brassavola nodosa (lady-of-the-night orchid)-- Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr., root rot: Collected at a dooryard in Apopka, Orange County, (23 June 1996; Anthony N. Capitano; P96-1744). NEW HOST RECORD.
Dendranthema x grandiflorum (mum)-- Ramularia sp. Unges non Roussel, leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Umatilla, Lake County, (31 July 1996; Christine M. Murphy; P96-2117). NEW HOST RECORD.
Equisetum sp. (dwarf equisetum)-- Sclerotium rolfsii, southern blight: Collected at a nursery in Gainesville, Alachua County, (30 July 1996; John W. Miller, Ph.D., plant pathologist, and Maria E. Peacock; P96-2045). NEW HOST RECORD.
Euryops chrysanthemoides (resin bush)-- Sphaceloma sp., scab: Collected at a nursery in Ormond Beach, Volusia County, (29 July 1996; Tracy L. Wright; P96-2043). NEW HOST RECORD.
Hemerocallis sp. (a dayliy)-- Chaetospermum chaetosporum, fungus: Collected at a nursery in Lake City, Columbia County, (15 August 1996; M. Janie Echols; P96-2257). NEW HOST RECORD.
Hibiscus tiliaceus (mahoe)-- Pseudomonas cichorii (Swing.) Stapp, rust: Collected at a nursery in Orlando, Orange County, (19 August 1996; Tyson R. Emery; P96-2310). NEW HOST RECORD.
Melampodium paludosum (black foot daisy)-- Cercospora sp., leaf spot: Collected at a dooryard in Gainesville, Alachua County, (19 August 1996; Timothy S. Schubert, Ph.D., plant pathologist; P96-2288). NEW HOST RECORD.
SHADE AND FOREST TREES: Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum, a native species)-- Discosia artocreas, leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Gainesville, Alachua County, (6 August 1996; Maria E. Peacock and John W. Miller, Ph.D.; P96-2138). NEW HOST RECORD.
FOOD OR CROP PLANTS: Capsicum annuum, Grossum group, (bell pepper)-- Oidiopsis sicula, powdery mildew: Collected at a seed company in Naples, Collier County, (29 August 1996; Mike Meadows, seed company pathologist; P96-2481). NEW HOST RECORD.
Lactuca sativa (romaine lettuce)-- Bremia lactucae regel, downy mildew: Collected at a Winn Dixie warehouse in Jacksonville, Duval County, (3 July 1996; Flewellyn W. Podris and Maria E. Peacock; P96-1814).
NATIVE OR NATURALIZED: Juncus sp. (a rush)-- Clasterosporium sp., secondary pathogen: Collected at a nursery in Tavares, Lake County, (10 July 1996; Stephen P. Beidler; P96-1915). NEW HOST RECORD.
OTHER DETECTIONS OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Aranaea (spider)-- Acrodontium crateriforme (Van Beyma) de Hoog, fungus: Collected at a bridge on Chattooga River in Bull Pen, North Carolina, Macon County, (16 July 1996; Julieta Brambila (University of Florida, Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead) and G. B. Edwards, Ph.D., arachnologist; M96-0055). NEW HOST RECORD.
