TRI-OLOGY, Vol. 36, No. 6
Nancy C. Coile, Ph. D., Managing Editor
NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1997
Wayne N. Dixon, Ph. D., Editor
| Botany Section | Entomology Section | Nematology Section | Plant Pathology Section |
BOTANY SECTION
Compiled by Carlos R. Artaud
For this period, 101 specimens were submitted to Botany for identification, and 517 were received from other Sections for identification and/or name verification (for a total of 618). Some of the samples are described below:
Aristolochia labiata Willd., Aristolochiaceae, rooster flower: Stout glaucous vine with yellow sap. Leaves glabrous, broadly cordate, apex obtuse, 7-12 cm long, 7-15 cm wide; green above, gray beneath; stipule-like bracts large, sessile, clasping, ruffled. Flowers axillary, solitary, lacking bracteoles and corolla. Calyx tubular with curved base and spreading petaloid limb mottled red, yellow, green and purple; limb with two superposed lobes, upper lobe suborbicular, narrowly clawed, ruffled, deflected, pendent, 13-15 cm long, 14-18 cm broad, lower lobe stiffly erect, narrowly lanceolate, 10-15 cm long; gynostemium 6-lobed, 10 mm long, 6 mm broad, anthers six. Fruit cylindric, 8 cm long, 3 cm wide; seeds numerous, flat. Native of South America. (Orange County; B97-460; Anthony N. Capitano; 29 October 1997). (Huxley 1992; Zomlefer 1994).
Calliandra emarginata (Humb. & Bonpl.) Benth., Leguminosae, dwarf powderpuff: Usually a dense gnarled shrub a meter high or less, or in wet regions sometimes becoming a small tree of 6 m or less, the branches short-pilose or glabrate; stipules small and inconspicuous. Leaves petiolate, 4-8 cm long, the pinnae one pair, each pinna with three leaflets. Leaflets oblong to broadly obovate, rounded to subacute, sometimes sub-emarginate, 1-5 cm long or somewhat larger, 1-2.5 cm broad, reticulate-veined, glabrous or nearly so, at least in age. Flowers sessile, 20 to 35 in virtually spherical heads, on clustered peduncles 1-5 cm long, at the end of the branches. Calyx 1.5-2.5 mm long, furrowed. Corolla 5-8 mm long, pubescent, red or red-tinted, lobes deltoid-ovate. Stamens ca. 30 mm long, purple-red to near white. Legume 8-10 cm long, 8-12 mm wide, attenuate to the base, glabrous. Throughout the year. From southern Mexico to Honduras. (Alachua County; B97-533; Marc C. Minno, St. Johns River Water Management District; 24 November 1997). (Huxley 1992; Standley and Steyermark 1976).
Coccinea grandis (L.) Voigt, Cucurbitaceae, tindora, scarlet-fruited gourd, ivy-gourd: Perennial, climbing or trailing, to 20 m long. Rootstock tuberous. Stem branched, terete, glabrous or scaly. Leaves broadly ovate, cordate to five-angled or three- to five-lobed, 5-10 cm long, 5-10 cm broad; petiole striate, to 5 cm long. Flowers solitary or paired. Corolla white, pale yellow or yellow-orange, to 4 cm long with sharp lobes. Fruit cylindric to fusiform, fleshy, to 5 cm long, smooth, becoming bright red when mature, beaked. Seeds oblique, compressed, about 6 mm long and 4 mm wide. Grown as an ornamental or arbor vine; but, USDA has noted its invasiveness in Hawaii. Shoots and fruits eaten, especially by Asians. Native of tropical Africa and Asia to northern Australia. Naturalized in tropical America (Orange County; B97-494; Barbara J. Wilder; 4 November 1997). (Bailey 1976; Huxley 1992).
Ipomoea triloba L., Convolvulaceae, tiny-flowered morning glory: Vine; stems twining or prostrate, glabrous or occasionally sparsely pubescent. Leaves alternate; petioles to about 7 cm long, slender; blades broadly ovate to orbicular, entire, coarsely dentate to deeply three- or five-lobed, 2-8 cm long, 2-7 cm wide, basally cordate, the basal lobes rounded to angular or lobed, apically acute to obtuse, glabrous to sparsely pilose. Inflorescences mostly sub-umbellate cymose, but occasionally solitary flower. Sepals sub-equal, 7-10 mm long: the outer oblong to narrowly elliptic-oblong, obtuse to acute, mucronulate-caudate, glabrous or sparsely pubescent on the back, ciliate, the inner broader, mostly glabrous. Corollas funnelform, mostly 1.8-2 cm long, glabrous, pink or pale purple, the throat darker. Fruits capsular, subglobose, 5-6 mm in diameter, bristly pubescent. Seeds four or fewer, mostly 3 mm long, subglobose, glabrous. Native of Florida, West Indies, Mexico, and Belize. Introduced into the Old World. (Dade County; B97-515; Matthew W. Brodie, Roberto Erb; 13 November 1997). (Correll and Correll 1982).
Jacquinia arborea Vahl, Theophrastaceae, barbasco: Generally a shrub, but sometimes a small tree to 4.5 m tall, with compact, much branched crown. Leaves evergreen, mostly in clusters of three or more near ends of twigs but partly alternate; petioles 3-6 mm long, yellowish and minutely scaly; leaf blades 3.5-9 cm long, 1.5-4.5 cm broad, widest near the rounded or slightly notched apex and gradually narrowed toward the long pointed base, hairless but with many tiny gland dots on both surfaces, paler beneath. Terminal racemes 5-10 cm long. Flowers fragrant. Sepals five, green, rounded, overlapping, 3 mm long, remaining at base of fruit. Corolla white, to 6.5 mm long, tubular-campanulate with five rounded spreading lobes. Stamens five on base of corolla tube, opposite the lobes and alternating with five petal-like staminodes. Pistil with 1-celled ovary and short style. Fruits sometimes so numerous that the racemes are curved downward from their weight. Each berry is 4-4.5 mm long, has a thin shell, a bitter and probably poisonous, orange-red pulp, and one to four rounded, brown seeds. Cultivated in south Florida. Native of the West Indies. (Dade County; B97-553; Debra S. Chalot; 7 December 1997). (Little et al. 1974).
Murraya paniculata (L.) Jacq., Rutaceae, orange jasmine: Evergreen tree or shrub, 4.5-7.5 m tall. Leaves pinnate or occasionally three-foliate; leaflets 2.5-4 cm long, alternate, cuneate-obovate to obliquely rhombic, coriaceous, glabrous and glossy, shortly petiolulate; rachis sometimes minutely pubescent. Inflorescence terminal, corymbose, small, dense, subsessile, fragrant. Petals five, 12-18 mm long, recurved, white; stamens ten, alternate ones shorter; ovary two-celled. Fruit to 12 mm in diameter, oblong-ovoid, bluntly acuminate, orange to red; seeds one or two, villous. Grown as border specimen or as screens and hedging, for its rich green, aromatic foliage. It produces several flushes of deliciously fragrant blooms throughout the year followed by small decorative fruits. From China and India south to Australia (Palm Beach County: B97-522; Dr. Timothy S. Schubert; 11 November 1997). (Huxley 1992).
Pieris phillyreifolia (Hook.) Benth. & Hook. f., Ericaceae, vine-wicky, climbing pieris: Evergreen shrub; sometimes with weakly erect stems from subterranean runners. More commonly, the stem grows beneath the outer bark of pond-cypress (Taxodium ascendens Brongn.) and white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP.). These stems are strongly flattened, bearing minute, brown scale-like leaves, the growing tips calloused, and lateral "normal" leafy branches are exerted at intervals through the cypress bark. Sometimes growing amongst persisting, decaying petiole bases of cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto (Walter) Lodd. ex Schultes), or in moss mats on palm trunks. Leaves alternate, very short-petiolate, glabrous, pinnately veined, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or lanceolate, 1.5-7 cm long, 5-20 mm broad, margins revolute, entire or with a few, small, very blunt teeth distally, less frequently toothed from below their middles, surfaces punctate with minutely stalked red glands, more conspicuous on lower surface. Flowers in three- to nine-flowered racemes borne in the axils of leaves near branch tips well before new growth starts; pedicels 3-5 mm long, each subtended by a subulate bract about as long as the pedicel and bearing a pair of subulate bractlets at a little distance below the calyx, both bracts and bractlets glandular-pubescent. Calyx persistent, lobes five, about half as long as the corolla tube, margins stipitate-glandular above the middle; corolla white, somewhat translucent, 7-9 mm long, tube ovoid-urceolate, narrowed at the throat and with five very short, recurved lobes. Stamens ten, filaments S-curved, anthers with a pair of deflexed spurs on the back above the junction with the filaments, each anther-half opening by an oval or V-shaped pore. Ovary superior, five-chambered. Capsule loculicidally splitting, five-valved, subspheroidal. Coastal Plain of South Carolina, Georgia, to central peninsular Florida, Florida Panhandle, and southern Alabama). (Marion County; B97-526; Cynthia J. S. Taylor, Division of Forestry; 16 November 1997). (Godfrey 1988).
Russelia coccinea (L.) Wettstein in Engl. & Prantl, Scrophulariaceae, russelia: Herbaceous perennial, or somewhat woody below, to 3 m tall with many stems not able to support themselves; stems to 8 mm in diameter at base, subterete, but with narrow ridges and striations between the ridges, glabrous, internodes 8-10 cm long. Leaves opposite or verticillate, ovate-lanceolate, apices acute or acuminate, bases truncate or subcordate, margins serrate, glabrous except for a few multicellular hairs on the upper surface and on the veins on the lower surface, many small yellowish depressed resinous dots on the lower surface which make papillae on the upper surface; petioles 4-5 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescences one or two from an axil, near the end of the branches, cymose and sometimes appearing racemose; flowers numerous, 15 or more; peduncles 5-8 mm long, slightly pubescent; pedicels 3-5 mm long; bractlets linear, pubescent, ciliate. Calyx lobes ovate-lanceolate, setaceous, membranaceous, margins becoming purple, with a few hairs on the midrib and tip, no resinous dots. Corollas 10-12 mm long, scarlet, the upper lip slightly notched, the lower lip three-lobed, the lobes 3 mm long, slightly longer than the upper; flat hairs on the inner side of the median ventral lobe of the corolla, and shorter flat hairs near the attachment of the stamens. Four stamens: two are 5 mm long, the other two 2- 6 mm long; anthers divaricate; staminodes 1 mm long; pistils 7-8 mm long. Capsules 3 mm long, excluding beak, globose, no longer than the persistent calyx lobes. Seeds 0.3 mm long, black, embedded in hairs which fill the capsule. Native of Honduras and southern Mexico. Cultivated and perhaps naturalized in West Indies and China. (Orange County; B97-560; Jim Thomas, nurseryman; 16 December 1997). (Standley and William 1973).
Solandra maxima (Sesse & Moc.) P. Green, Solanaceae, chalice vine: Climbing glabrous shrub, to 4 m tall. Stems branching. Leaves to 15 cm long, elliptic, glabrous, apex short-acuminate or acute to obtuse; petiole to 7 cm. Calyx to 7 cm long, glabrous, lobes to four, unequal. Corolla glabrous, urceolate, to 20 cm long, yellow tube five-veined, veins purple, interior five-ridged, ridges purple; limb lobed, lobes five, reflexed; stamens attached 10 cm from base. Naturally occurring as semi-epiphyte or stout-stemmed vine, often blooms in the crown of large, buttressed tree growing by streams and rivers. Conditions favorable for growth will not promote flowering: after an initial period of shoot growth, reduce watering almost to wilting point to induce flowering. Flowering occurs on the current year's growth. In Mexico, this genus is a source of sacred hallucinogenic alkaloids which may be toxic. Native from Mexico, through central America, to Colombia and Venezuela. (Lee County; B97-477; Sheila J. Foe; 30 October 1997). (Huxley 1992; Mabberley 1997).
Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl, Verbenaceae, pink snakeweed: Shrub with green ascending leafy branches, up to about 2.5 m tall. Leaves ovate-elliptical, cuneate with blade long-decurrent on petiole, acute or obtuse at apex, margin crenate, up to 14 cm long, and 10 cm broad. Inflorescence a simple spike, to 50 cm long, or more; bracts 8-10 mm long. Calyx bilabiate, with two points on each lobe. Corolla bright rose-pink, tube 15-20 mm long, the limb 12-20 mm across. Fruit 11-12 mm long. Native of Central and northern South America, also in Trinidad and Tobago, Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica. Introduced and naturalized in the Old World tropics and elsewhere. (Alachua County: B97-525; Marc C. Minno, St. Johns River Water Management District; 20 November 1997). (Adams 1972).
GLOSSARY: gynostemium: a compound structure resulting from the union of the stamens and the pistil; loculicidal: refers to dehiscence of a dry fruit by splitting down through the middle of the back of each chamber (locule); papilla: a soft superficial protuberance; a small, nipple-like elevation; staminode: an abortive stamen; a vestigial stamen; often petaloid.
REFERENCES
- Adams, C. D. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica. Robert MacLehose and Company Ltd., The University Press, Glasgow. 848 p.
- L. H. Bailey Hortorium Staff. 1976. Hortus Third, a concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. 1,290 p.
- Correll, D. S. and H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama Archipelago. J. Cramer, Hirschberg, Germany. 1,692 p.
- Godfrey, R. K. 1988. Trees, shrubs, and woody vines of northern Florida and adjacent Georgia and Alabama. The University of Georgia Press, Athens and London. 734 p.
- Little, Jr., E. L., R. O. Woodbury and F. H. Wadsworth. 1974. Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Second Volume. U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 449, Washington D.C. 1,024 p.
- Huxley, A. J. (ed.) 1992. New Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 4 vols. Macmillan Press, London. 3,240 p.
- Mabberley, D.J. 1997. The Plant-book, 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. 858 p.
- Standley, P. C. and J. A. Steyermark. 1976. Flora of Guatemala (v.5):22-23.
- Standley, P. C. and L. O. Williams. 1973. Flora of Guatemala (v.9):390-391.
- Zomlefer, W.B. 1994. Guide to flowering plant families. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 430 p.
ENTOMOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by Susan E. Halbert, Ph.D.
For the month of November, there were 539 samples consisting of 15,521+ specimens. In December, there were 507 samples consisting of 11,508+ specimens. Some of the samples processed are listed below:
ORNAMENTALS, WOODY PLANTS AND PALMS: Palmae (a palm tree)-- Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius), a scolytid beetle: An infestation was found at a nursery in Davie (Broward County; E97-4387; John King, nurseryman; 19 November 1997). Insects were active in galleries near the ground level in rotting trunks. Several trees were in poor condition.
Wodyetia bifurcata (fox tail palm)-- Opogona sacchari (Bojer), banana moth: A severe infestation was found in about 20 plants at a nursery in Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County; E97-4295; Maria S. Quintanilla; 13 November 1997). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FOLIAGE PLANTS: Agave sp. (agave)-- Paracoccus sp. (undescribed), a mealybug: A severe infestation involved 30 plants at a nursery in Sarasota (Sarasota County; E97-3725; L. Wayne Clifton and Mark L. Runnals; 25 September 1997).
Cactaceae (a cactus)-- Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg), tropical cactus borer: A severe infestation involved three of 100 plants at a residence in St. James City (Lee County; E97-4292; Walter W. Golden; 14 November 1997). Probable NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Cycas circinalis (queen sago)-- Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead), Oriental scale: A severe infestation was found on 50% of five plants at a nursery in Cocoa (Brevard County; E97-4331; Karen L. Garrett-Kraus; 17 November 1997).
Cycas revoluta (king sago)-- Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi, aulacaspis cycad scale: A moderate infestation was found in Pompano Beach (Palm Beach County; E97-3832; William Lewis, A&L Southern Agricultural Laboratories; 26 September 1997). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Cycas revoluta (king sago)-- Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi, aulacaspis cycad scale: A moderate infestation was found at an unregistered nursery in Davie (Broward County; E97-4396; Rita J. Carpenter; 20 November 1997).
Dieffenbachia sp. (dumbcane)-- Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner), nigra scale: A moderate infestation was found at an amusement park in Lake Buena Vista (Orange County; E97-4499; Barbara J. Wilder; 25 November 1997). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Liriope muscari 'Evergreen Giant' (Aztec-grass cultivar)-- Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Signoret), fern scale: A severe infestation on all of 2,500 plants was found at a nursery in Lutz (Hillsborough County; E97-4520; James R. Martin; 3 December 1997).
Ophiopogon japonicus (mondo grass)-- Phytonemus pallidus (Banks), cyclamen mite: A moderate to severe infestation was found on 5,000 of 10,000 plants at a nursery in Sanford (Seminole County; E97-4390; Anne F. Weathers; 21 November 1997). Mites caused white streaking injury on leaves and persistent yellowing on older crops.
Opuntia sp. (prickly-pear cactus)-- Dactylopius confusus (Cockerell), cochineal scale: A moderate infestation involved 12 plants at a nursery in Sanford (Seminole County; E97-4585; Anne F. Weathers; 10 December 1997).
Philodendron scandens ssp. oxycardium (heart-leaf philodendron)-- Hercinothrips femoralis (Reuter), banded greenhouse thrips: A moderate to severe infestation involved one-third of 30,000 plants at a nursery in Winter Springs (Seminole County; E97-4399; Anne F. Weathers; 14 November 1997).
Pyracantha sp. (firethorn)-- Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe), black citrus aphid: A moderate infestation was found at an amusement park at Lake Buena Vista (Orange County; E97-4497; Barbara J. Wilder; 1 December 1997). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Zamia sp. (cycad)-- Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Signoret), fern scale: A moderate to severe infestation was found on 50 of 500 plants at a nursery in Davie (Broward County; E97-4406; William A. Thiel; 19 November 1997).
Zamia pumila (coontie, Commercially Exploited list, 5B-40)-- Saissetia coffeae (Walker), hemispherical scale: A severe infestation involved 100 plants at a park in Apopka (Orange County; E97-4507; William B. Purvis; 3 December 1997). Another severe infestation was found at Homestead (Dade County; E97-4587; Edward T. Putland; 11 December 1997).
ORNAMENTALS, FLOWERING PLANTS: Bromeliaceae (a bromeliad)-- Diaspis boisduvalii (Signoret), boisduval scale: A severe infestaton was found on three plants at a nursery in Apopka (Orange County; E97-4619; Leslie J. Wilber; 17 December 1997).
Crossandra sp. (crossandra)-- Saissetia miranda (Cockerell & Parrott), Mexican black scale: A severe infestation was found on all of 200 plants at a nursery in Miami (Dade County; E97-4656; Eduardo M. Varona; 15 December 1997).
Gelsemium sempervirens (Carolina jessamine)-- Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli (Cooley), magnolia white scale: An infestation was found at a nursery in Winter Garden (Orange County; E97-4571; Barbara J. Wilder; 10 December 1997). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibiscus, or China-rose)-- Aleurodicus dugesii (Cockerell), giant whitefly: A slight infestation was found on 12 plants for sale at a discount store in Vero Beach (Indian River County; E97-4428; Richard H. 'Dick' Stoll; 21 November 1997).
Ipomoea alba (moonflower)-- Spartocera batatas (Fabricius), giant sweet potato bug: A moderate infestation was found in Key Biscayne (Dade County; E97-4501; Roger L. Hammer, Metropolitan Dade County Park and Recreation Department; November 1997). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Stachytarpheta urticifolia (blue porter weed)-- Penthesilea difficilis (Felder & Rogenhofer), a pyralid moth: A severe infestation was found at a residence in Cutler Ridge (Dade County; E97-4533; Eduardo M. Varona and Debra S. Chalot; 25 November 1997). Larvae tunnel into plant nodes and cause severe dieback.
FOOD AND CROP PLANTS: Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)-- Leptopharsa clitoriae (Heidemann), a lace bug: A severe infestation was found on all of 50 plants at a farm in Carol City (Dade County; E97-4673; Edward T. Putland; 23 December 1997).
Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane)-- Leptodictya tabida (Herrich-Schaeffer), sugarcane lace bug: A severe infestation was found at a farm in Carol City (Dade County; E97-4675; Edward T. Putland; 23 December 1997).
Zea mays (corn)-- Heliothis zea (Brodie), corn earworm: A moderate infestation involved 30% of 1.5 acres of a farm near Miami (Dade County; E97-4159; Edward T. Putland; 31 October 1997).
CITRUS: Citrus limon (lemon)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: A slight infestation was found at a residence in Homosassa (Citrus County; E97-4594; Robert W. Dudley; 8 December 1997). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: A severe infestation was found at a residence in Palm Harbor (Pinellas County; E97-4308; Alan R. Haynes; 13 November 1997). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Citrus sinensis 'Valencia' (sweet orange cultivar)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: A moderate to severe infestation was found at a nursery in Altamonte Springs (Seminole County; E97-4356; Anne F. Weathers; 20 November 1997). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Citrus sp. (unknown citrus)-- Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock, Florida wax scale; Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.), Florida red scale; Coccus longulus (Douglas), long brown scale; and Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman), purple scale: A severe mixed infestation was found on eight trees at a military base in Homestead (Dade County; E97-4550, 4551, 4553; Edward T. Putland; 6 December 1997). Citrus trees were in poor condition.
Citrus sp. (unknown citrus)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: A slight infestation was found in a budwood grove in Immokalee (Collier County; E97-4328; Yolanda I. Inguanzo; 14 November 1997).
Citrus sp. (unknown citrus)-- Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), brown citrus aphid: An infestation was found at a residence in Trilby (Pasco County; E97-4304; Helen A. Smith; 12 November 1997). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
NATIVE AND NATURALIZED PLANTS: Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed)-- Aceri ambrosiae Wilson, an eriophyid mite: An infestation was found at University of Florida's Natural Area Teaching Laboratory in Gainesville (Alachua County; E97-3804; Dr. Robert P. Esser; 3 October 1997). The mites severely deformed the buds and leaves.
Chamaecrista fasciculata (partridge pea)-- Pseudococcus sorghiellus (Forbes), Eastern trochanter mealybug: Insects were found on roots of plants at University of Florida's Natural Area Teaching Laboratory in Gainesville (Alachua County; E97-3904; Dr. Robert P. Esser; 10 October 1997).
Ipomoea pes-caprae (railroad vine)-- Philephedra tuberculosa Nakahara & Gill, a scale insect: A moderate to severe infestation was found at a nursery in Port Charlotte (Manatee County; E97-4648; Mark L. Runnals; 16 December 1997).
Myrsine floridana (Florida rapanea, or Guianese colicwood)-- Morganella longispina (Morgan), plumose scale: A slight infestation was found on a plant at a nursery in Cocoa (Brevard County; E97-4329; Karen L. Garrett-Kraus; 17 November 1997). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
BENEFICIAL INSECTS: Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallow tree, or popcorn-tree, Florida Noxious Weed, illegal for sale after 1 January 1998)-- Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner), nigra scale: Normally a pest insect, this scale was found severely infesting this noxious weed in Tampa (Hillsborough County; E97-4374; David M. Mooney; 16 October 1997). The infestation involved 100% of three trees in a standard city lot. NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
INSECTS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IMPORTANCE: Centruroides gracilis (Latreille), slender brown scorpion: Several scorpions were found in a storage building at University of Florida's Tropical Research and Education Center (TREC), Homestead (Dade County; E97-4309; Holly B. Glenn, TREC; 3 November 1997).
INSECT DETECTION: Hyperomyzus carduellinus (Theobald), an Asian sowthistle aphid: One specimen was collected in a suction trap at Belle Glade (Palm Beach County; E97-4537; Dr. Gregg S. Nuessly, University of Florida's Everglades Research & Extension Center, and Dr. Susan E. Halbert; 5 December 1997). The aphid is a relatively new introduction from Asia and is restricted to sowthistle and related plants, Dr. Susan E. Halbert. NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Ischnodemus rufipes van Duzee, a lygaeid bug: Swarms of these bugs invaded homes near Buck Lake (Leon County; E97-4247; 76 Pest Control Company, Dr. Janice G. Peters and Dr. William L. Peters, Florida A&M University; late October - early November 1997). When a small man-made lake was drained, the remaining mud flats supported the growth of Cyperus erythrorhizos, redroot flatsedge. These plants were heavily colonized by the lygaeids. As the lake continued to dry, the plants died and the bugs invaded surrounding homes in large numbers. The bug, though known from southern Florida to Virginia, rarely had been collected in Florida before, and this was the first collection from the Florida Panhandle (Dr. Janice G. Peters and Dr. Susan E. Halbert). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Schizaphis rotundiventris (Signoret), an aphid: One specimen was collected in a suction trap at Belle Glade (Palm Beach County; E97-4538; Dr. Gregg S. Nuessly, University of Florida's Everglades Research & Extension Center and Dr. Susan E. Halbert; 28 November 1997). This relatively new Eurasian aphid normally infests Cyperus spp. and may colonize palms. NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Takecallis arundicolens (Clarke), an aphid: One specimen was collected in a suction trap at Quincy (Gadsden County; E97-4669; Dr. Richard K Sprenkel, University of Florida's North Florida Research & Extension Center, and Dr. Susan E. Halbert; 26 December 1997). This relatively new Asian aphid is also known from California. It infests bamboo and related plants, Dr. Susan E. Halbert. NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
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Compiled by Paul S. Lehman, Ph.D.
A total of 2,425 samples were processed in November and December. Details are shown below:
Certification and Regulatory Samples:
Multistate Certification for National and
International Export 1,461
California Certification 557
Premovement 30
Burrowing Nematodes 98
Other Samples:
Site or Pit Approval 10
Out of state survey, via
Florida Interceptions 8
Plant Problem 17
Intrastate Survey, Random 244
NEMATODES NEW TO FLORIDA IN 1997:
The following list summarizes the nematodes which are reported as NEW TO FLORIDA in 1997. This list is based on DPI records, and the nomenclature follows Ebsary (1991). Except for bamboo which was verified as a host of the bamboo cyst nematode, all the plants listed are those that were sampled, but were not verified as hosts.
Ardisia crenata (coral berry)--Ogma boettgeri (Meyl, 1954) Raski & Luc 1987, a spine nematode: (Alachua County; N97-00007; Dr. Robert P. Esser; 6 January 1997).
Chasmanthium sessiliflorum (longleaf woodoats)--Criconema sphagni Micoletzky 1925, a ring nematode: (Alachua County; N97-01131; Dr. Robert P. Esser; 6 October 1997).
Citrus (unknown species)--Discocriconemella degrissei Loof & Sharma, 1980, a ring nematode: (Polk County; N97-00981; James K. Harris; 23 September 1997).
Citrus (unknown species)--Hemicycliophora vaccinii Reed & Jenkins, 1963, a sheath nematode: (Polk County; N97-00981; James K. Harris; 28 August 1997).
Hemerocallis sp. (daylily)--Paratylenchus nawadus Kahn, Prasad & Mathur, 1967, a pin nematode: (Seminole County; N97-00909; William L.'Robbie' Robinson; 7 August 1997).
Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass)--Hemicycliophora ekdavici Darekar & Khan, 1981, a sheath nematode: (Highlands County; N97-00856; Carrie S. Dees; 23 July 1997).
Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)--Hemicriconemoides parataiwanensis Decraemer & Geraert, 1992, a sheathoid nematode; (Palm Beach County; N97-01191; Ellen J. Tannehill; 9 October 1997).
Phyllostachys aurea (fishpole bamboo)--Afenestrata koreana Vovlas, Lamberti & Choo, 1992, bamboo cyst nematode: (Hernando County; N97-00945; Samuel 'Sam'A. Fuller and Dr. Renato N. Inserra; 15 August 1997).
Pontederia cordata (pickerel weed)--Hirschmanniella belli Sher, 1968, (a nematode): (Okeechobee County; N97-00414; Carrie S. Dees; 27 March 1997).
Quercus laurifolia (Darlington oak)--Ogma multisquamatum Kirjanova,1948, a spine nematode: (Alachua County; N97-00060; Gregory A. Brown; 22 January 1997).
Quercus laurifolia (Darlington oak)--Trichodorus persicus de Waele & Sturhan, 1987, a stubby root nematode: (Alachua County; N97-00245; Gregory A. Brown; 28 February 1997).
Sabal palmetto (cabbage palmetto)--Criconema loofi (de Grisse, 1967) Raski & Luc, 1984, a ring nematode: (Taylor County; N97-00039; M. 'Janie' Echols and W. Wayne Smith; 14 January 1997).
Solanum tuberosum (potato)--Dolichodorus grandaspicatus Robbins, 1982, an awl nematode: (St. Johns County; N97-00519; Joseph S. Beckwith, Gregory A. Brown, Dr. Robert P. Esser, and Theresa Rust Estok; 24 April 1997) .
Solanum tuberosum (potato)--Tylenchorhynchus elegans Siddiqi 1961, a stunt nematode: (St. Johns County; N97-00519; Joseph S. Beckwith, Gregory A. Brown, Dr. Robert P. Esser, and Theresa Rust Estok; 24 April 1997).
Xanthium strumarium (cocklebur)--Hemicycliophora belemnis Germani & Luc 1973, a sheath nematode: (St. Johns County; N07-00636; Theresa Rust Estok, Gregory A. Brown, and Dr. Robert P. Esser; 21 May 1997).
COLLECTORS SUBMITTING FIVE OR MORE SAMPLES THAT WERE PROCESSED FOR NEMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS DURING NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER 1997:
Brown, Gregory A. 12
Dees, Carrie S. 55
Esser, Dr. Robert P. 23
Fuller, Samuel A. 111
Harris, James K. 49
Inguanzo, Yolanda I . 26
LeBoutillier, Karen W. 180
Qiao, P. 223
Robinson, William L. 'Robbie' 91
Salisbury, Thomas L. 184
Smith, W. Wayne 174
Wigelsworth, Jimmie R. 25
REFERENCES
- Ebsary, B.A. 1991. Catalog of the Order Tylenchida (Nematoda). Publication 1869B. Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. 196 p.
PLANT PATHOLOGY
Compiled by John W. Miller, Ph. D.
For this period, the Plant Pathology Section received and processed 3,992 specimens. These included 463 pathology, 11 miscellaneous, 14 soil, 3,498 suspected canker samples as of 31 December 1997 in Dade County, and 24 suspect canker samples from Manatee County.
ORNAMENTALS, WOODY PLANTS AND PALMS: Cocos nucifera (coconut palm)-- Phaeotrichoconis crotalariae, leaf spot: Collected at a dooryard in Homestead (Dade County; P97-2762; Bill Graves, University of Florida's Tropical Research and Education Center; 5 November 1997). NEW HOST RECORD.
Elaeagnus pungens (silverthorn)-- Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., root rot: Collected at a nursery in Plant City (Hillsborough County; P97-3053; Shirley A. Patterson; 15 December 1997). NEW HOST RECORD.
Forestiera segregata (Florida privet, a native shrub)-- Sphaceloma sp., scab: Collected at a nursery in Orlando (Orange County; P97-2759; Barbara J. Wilder and Anthony N. Capitano; 31 October 1997). NEW HOST RECORD.
Lagerstroemia indica (crape myrtle)-- Cristulariella moricola, leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Jacksonville (Duval County; P97-2760; Flewellyn W. Podris; 3 November 1997).
Ravenea rivularis (majesty palm)-- Phaeotrichoconis crotalariae, leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County; P97-2971; Maria S. Quintanilla; 21 November 1997). NEW HOST RECORD.
Sabal palmetto (cabbage palm, or sabal palm; Florida state tree)-- Dendrosporium lobatum, saprophyte: Collected at a nursery in Okeechobee (Glades County; P97-3174; Yolanda I. Inguanzo; 31 October 1997). NEW STATE RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FOLIAGE PLANTS: Aechmea sp. (aechmea)-- Colletotrichum capsici, leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Sarasota (Sarasota County; P97-2596; L. Wayne Clifton; 13 October 1997).
ORNAMENTALS, FLOWERING PLANTS: Viola x wittrockiana (pansy)-- Chalara elegans, black root rot: Collected at a flower farm in Fruitland Park (Lake County; P97-2799; Stephen P. Beidler; 4 November 1997). NEW HOST RECORD.
FOOD OR CROP PLANTS: Actinidia arguta 'Issai' (hardy kiwi, or smooth-skinned kiwi)-- Pseudocercospora handelii, leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Alachua (Alachua County; P97-2854; Bob Wallace, nursery owner; 12 November 1997). NEW HOST RECORD.
NATIVE AND NATURALIZED PLANTS: Ampelopsis arborea (pepper-vine, a native vine)-- Cercospora sp., leaf spot: Unknown location in Gainesville (Alachua County; P97-2997; Dr. Robert P. Esser; 1 December 1997). NEW HOST RECORD.
Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia, a native herb)-- Bipolaris sp., leaf spot: Collected at the northeast border, University of Florida's Natural Area Teaching Laboratory in Gainesville (Alachua County; P97-2902; Dr. Robert P. Esser; 19 November 1997). NEW HOST RECORD.
Persea borbonia (red bay)-- Gliocladiopsis sp., unknown: Collected at a dooryard in Ponce Inlet (Volusia County; P97-2809; Dr. Edward 'Ed' Barnard, Ernest 'Ernie' C. Ash III; 7 November 1997). NEW HOST RECORD.
OTHER DETECTION OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Mushroom (mushroom)-- Tulostoma sp., mushroom: Collected at a nursery in Alva ( Lee County; M97-0064; Sheila J. Foe; 28 October 1997).
