TRI-OLOGY, Vol. 37, No. 6
Nancy C. Coile, Ph. D., Managing Editor
NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1998
Wayne N. Dixon, Ph. D., Editor
| Botany Section | Entomology Section | Nematology Section | Plant Pathology Section |
BOTANY SECTION
Compiled by Carlos R. Artaud and Nancy C. Coile, Ph. D.
For this period, 62 specimens were submitted to Botany for identification, and 695 were received from other Sections for identification and/or name verification (for a total of 757). Some of the samples are described below:
Abutilon x hybridum Hort., (over 100 species in the genus, tropical and warm), Malvaceae, Chinese lantern, flowering maple: This name is a somewhat unsatisfactory grouping of hybrids (especially A. darwinii and A. pictum) and their cultivars and includes the illegitimate name A. globosum. Shrub or small tree to 5 m tall and wide. Leaves unlobed, 3- or 5-lobed, 10-20 cm long, often variegated. Flowers mostly solitary, pendent, axillary; petals 5-8 cm long, white, red, yellow and orange. Zone 9-10. (Columbia County; B98-554; M. 'Janie' Echols; 3 December 1998). (Huxley 1992; Brickell and Zuk 1996).
Bauhinia variegata L., (300+ species, pantropical), Leguminosae, orchid tree, mountain ebony: Tree to 12 m tall and 8 m wide, branches spreading. Leaves bilobed to one-third of the length. Showy petals 4-6 cm long, 3 cm wide, magenta to indigo, often streaked or spotted, the central one marked dark purple; fertile stamens 5. Pod stipitate, laterally flattened, woody. The cultivar 'Candida' has large white flowers suffused with green. Winter-summer flowering. This is the most common species in cultivation and is listed as Category I by Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Native to India and China, where leaves and pods are used for food; the bark is used in medicines, dying, tanning, as a gum; the wood is used for farm implements. This species is sacred to Buddhists. (Lee County; B98-557; Stephen H. Brown, University of Florida's Lee County Extension Service; 2 December 1998). (Bailey 1976; Huxley 1992; Brickell and Zuk 1996; Mabberley 1997).
Cassia moschata HBK, (ca. 30 species when excluding Chamaecrista and Senna, tropical), Leguminosae, bronze shower, stinking toe, or cañafistula: Tree to 20 m tall. Leaves compound, leaflets alternate or opposite, 10-16 pairs on larger leaves, oblong or oblong-lanceolate (rarely, ovate-lanceolate). New leaves are bronze. Flowers in pendent axillary and terminal clusters to 30 cm long. Flowers caducous; sepals maroon, livid or bronze-red; petals to 1.5 cm long, bronze to golden-yellow, often veined red, elliptic-obovate; stamens 10 (3 are sterile). Fruit pods cylindrical, 35-50 cm long, 1.3-1.7 cm in diameter, smooth (minutely downy) and dark-brown. The bitter pulp is used as a mild laxative. Cassia is distinguished by the three, large S-curved sterile anthers. Native to Central America, northern South America, and Cuba. (Lee County; Stephen H. Brown, University of Florida's Lee County Extension Service; 2 December 1998). (Morton 1981; Huxley 1992; Mabberley 1997).
Enterolobium cyclocarpum Griseb., (5 species, tropical America), Leguminosae, earpod-tree, guanacaste, elephant's-ear: Deciduous tree to 30 m tall, with a stout short trunk often buttressed; and a thin spreading crown to 45 m wide, broad root system. Leaves alternate, bipinnate; pinnae 16-24, paired; leaflets 30-50, paired; rachis with small glands (one below the lowest pinna and another near the apex). Corolla tubular, 8 mm long, light green; prominent stamens numerous, whitish, to 9 mm long, united at lower half. Fruit curved to form an ear-like circle to 10 cm wide; blackish or dark brown when mature, flat, indehiscent; seeds dark brown, with pale yellow ring around each side, 12 mm long. From Mexico through Central America, to Venezuela, Trinidad, Guiana, and Brazil where it is dispersed by horses (originally dispersed by now extinct large herbivore?) and peccaries. Introduced as a shade tree in the West Indies, South Florida, and other tropical regions. The large branches are subject to storm damage. E. contortislilquum (Vell.) Morong, also called earpod tree, is listed as a Category II plant by Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. (Lee County; B98-558; Stephen H. Brown, University of Florida's Lee County Extension Service; 4 November 1998). (Huxley 1992; Little et al. 1974; Wunderlin 1998).
Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br. (syn.: L. leonurus), (15 species, tropical Africa), Labiatae, lion's-ear: Robust annual to 2 m tall, 4-angled stem. Leaves opposite; blades ovate to ovate-deltoid, to 12 cm long. One to three flower clusters several inches apart on the stem, each encircling the stem, densely globular, 4-6 cm thick. Clusters prickly due to tips of calyces. Corolla orange-yellow or scarlet, 2-2.5 cm long, 2-lipped. Stamens 4, didynamous. South Africa (Huxley says India!), now pantropical, naturalized in southeastern United States. Morton (1981) lists numerous folk medicinal uses, including: for headaches, fevers, coughs, skin troubles, and tuberculosis; and as diuretics, douches, vermifuges, and a tonic. Seeds are used to destroy lice. (Alachua County; B98-516; Theresa Rust Estok and Flewellyn W. Podris; 10 November 1998). (Bailey 1976; Morton 1981; Correll and Correll 1982: Huxley 1992; Mabberley 1997).
Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle, (ca. 20 species, tropical), Convolvulaceae, wood-rose, Spanish woodbine: Large, stout, woody climber to 20 m long. Leaves 8-15 cm across, deeply 7-lobed almost to the base. Flowers campanulate, bright yellow. Capsule with accrescent calyx becoming woody and appearing somewhat like a rose, 3-3.5 cm wide; 1-4 seeded. Native from Mexico to tropical South America, introduced in many other tropical regions. Listed as a Category II species by Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. (Levy County; B98-523; Alice Tyler, homeowner; 11 November 1998). (Correll and Correll 1982; Huxley 1992; Mabberley 1997).
Passiflora sanguinolenta Mast. & Lind., (430 species in tropical and warm Americas; 20 in Indomalesia and Pacific; none in Africa), Passifloraceae, blood-red passion flower: Stems vining, angular, dense villous-hirsute. Leaves densely hairy, bilobed, eglandular. Flowers dull-red, deep bluish-red, or maroon on pedicels to 5 cm long, slender; no bracts or bracts caducous; calyx tube to 2 cm long, sepal lobes 1.5-2 cm long, red or pink; petals to 1.6 cm long, 0.3 cm wide, linear, red or pink; corona filaments in 2 rows, 4-5 cm long, white at tips, red to violet at bases. Fruit 3 cm long and 1 cm wide, ovate, reddish-brown when ripe. Easily propagated from seed or cuttings. Native to Ecuador and Venezuela at altitudes from 2,000 to 2,600 m. (Orange County; B98-551; Barbara J. Wilder; 25 November 1998). "Passion" refers to the passion of Christ, represented in the 3 elongated stigmas (=3 nails of crucifixion), 5 anthers (=5 wounds), corona (=crown of thorns), tendrils (scourges of the persecutors). (Huxley 1992; Vanderplank 1996; Mabberley 1997).
Senna bacillaris (L. f.) Irwin & Barneby, [syn.= Cassia fruticosa Mill.], (350 species, tropical, warm and temperate), Leguminosae, frijol de cabro: Sprawling shrub to 5 m tall; the young branches zig-zag. Leaf rachis bears an oblong gland between the lower pair of leaflets; leaflets 4 (2 pairs of 2), asymmetric, mostly 7-15 cm long and 2.5 to 8 cm wide. Flowers in pendent axillary or terminal clusters. Petals about 2 cm long, buff-colored; 7 perfect stamens. Legume black, almost cylindrical, 10-25 cm long; abundant pulp. This and related species are often infested with savage ants that feed upon a viscid exudate from the branches. This genus is separated from Cassia by its straight anthers and lack of bracteoles. Pods used as a laxative and flowers for colds and diabetes. From southern Mexico to Panama, West Indies, and South America, along streams. (Lee County; B98-564; Stephen H. Brown, University of Florida's Lee County Extension Service; 5 December 1998). (Standley and Steyermark 1976; Irwin and Barneby 1982; Mabberley 1997).
Spiranthes ovalis Lindl., (30 species, mostly northern temperate, a few in tropical America, Malesia, Australia and Pacific), Orchidaceae, lesser ladies'-tresses: Terrestrial, up to 40 cm tall, roots few, elongated, fasciculate. Leaves 2 or 3, basal and sheathing the stem; smaller, upper structures called bracts. Inflorescence oval in outline, to 1.5 cm wide, up to 50 flowers in 3 or 4 spiral rows. Sepals and petals white (not striped), 6 mm long, 1 mm wide, lip white, with basal callosities; anthers with an asymmetric pair of yellow pollinia. Flowers September to November. Ranges from Missouri northeast to Virginia, and south to Texas and east to northern Florida. Florida endangered species. (Orange County; B98-542; Anthony N. Capitano; 17 November 1998). (Luer 1972; Wunderlin 1998).
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam., (86 species in tropical and warm areas, 1 in Europe), Rhamnaceae, Indian jujube, ber: Shrub or small tree to 15 m tall, usually evergreen, twigs zigzag. Leaves to 8 cm long, 3 prominent veins spread from petiole, upper surface glossy and dark green, lower surface with dense white or rusty hairs; stipular spines stout. Flowers in dense axillary clusters. Petals and sepals tiny (use hand lens to view), white. Drupe to 2.5 cm wide, globose to suboblong, orange-red skin, acidic, crisp texture becomes mealy; with one stone. Cultivated for is edible fruit (similar to Chinese jujube, Z. jujuba Mill.), used for stomach distress, as a source for lac, and as an antidote for poison. Leaves used for tanning. Native to India, now widespread in warm regions of the World. (Dade County; B98-505; Edward T. Putland; 28 October 1998). (Bailey 1976; Morton 1981; Correll and Correll 1982; Huxley 1992; Mabberley 1997).
GLOSSARY: caducous: deciduous, soon falling from the plant; didynamous: having stamens arranged in two pairs of unequal length (characteristic for mint family); pollinia: a coherent mass of pollen grains, as in orchids or milkweeds, requiring an animal as pollinator; stipitate: having a stalk or stipe.
REFERENCES
- L. H. Bailey Hortorium Staff. 1976. Hortus third, a concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. 1,290 p.
- Brickell, C. and J. D. Zuk. 1996. The American Horticultural Society A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. 1095 p.
- Correll, D. S. and H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama Archipelago. J. Cramer, Hirschberg, Germany. 1,692 p.
- Gibson, D. N. 1974. Flora of Guatemala. Solanaceae. Fieldiana. 24 (V): 260-261.
- Huxley, A. J. (ed.) 1992. New Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. 4 vols. Macmillan Press, London. 3,240 p.
- Irwin, H. S. and R. C. Barneby. 1982. The American Cassiinae, a synoptical revision of the Leguminosae tribe Cassieae subtribe Cassiinae in the New World. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. 35 (1): 111-113.
- Little, Jr., E. L., R. O Woodbury and F. H. Wadsworth. 1974. Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, Second Volume. Agriculture Handbook No. 449. U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C. 1,024 p.
- Luer, C. A. 1972. The native orchids of Florida. W. S. Cowell Ltd, Ipswich. 293 p.
- Mabberley, D.J. 1997. The plant-book, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. 857 p.
- Morton, J. F. 1981. Atlas of the medicinal plants of Middle America, Bahamas to Yucatan. Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, IL. 1420 p.
- Standley, P. C. and J. A. Steyermark. 1976. Flora of Guatemala. Leguminosae. 24(V): 110-111.
- Vanderplank, J. 1996. Passion flowers. The MIT Press, Cambridge. 224 p.
- Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. 806 p.
ENTOMOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by Susan E. Halbert, Ph. D.
For the month of November, there were 709 samples consisting of 23,625+ specimens. In December, there were 1,998 samples consisting of 10,275+ specimens. Some of the samples processed are listed below:
ORNAMENTALS, WOODY PLANTS AND PALMS: Chamaedorea elegans (parlor palm)-- Stenotarsonemus furcatus DeLeon, a tarsonemid mite, and --Histiostoma sp., a histiostomatid mite: A moderate infestation was found on 100 of 100,000 plants at a nursery in Apopka (Orange County; E98-3761; Leslie J. Wilbur; 26 October 1998).
Cocos nucifera (coconut palm)-- Aleurotrachelus atratus Hempel, a whitefly: A severe infestation involved 200 plants at a nursery in Parrish (Manatee County; E98-4312; K. Lee Etchells; 10 December 1998).
Cupressus sempervirens (Italian cypress)-- A mixed population of mites was found on a plant in Ocala (Marion County; E98-3658; Dr. Arthur K. Burditt, Jr., homeowner; 21 October 1998):
--Epitrimerus cupressi (Keiffer), an eriophyid mite (plant feeder),
--Oligonychus sp., prob coniferavum (McGreger), a tetranychid mite (plant feeder),
--Oudemansicheyla denmarki (Yunker), a cheyletid mite (predator), and
--Typhlodromips dentilis (DeLeon), a phytoseiid mite (predator).
Cycas revoluta (king sago)-- Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi, cycad aulacaspis scale: A severe infestation was found at a residence in Naples (Collier County; E98-4142; Scott D. Krueger; 20 November 1998). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Ilex x attenuata (native holly hybrid)-- Asterolecanium puteanum Russell, holly pit scale: A moderate infestation was found at a nursery in Lutz (Pasco County; E98-3889; Helen A. Smith; 3 November 1998). This was an unusually heavy infestation of this scale insect (Dr. Avas B. Hamon).
Murraya paniculata (orange-jessamine, Chinese-box)-- Aleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi), jasmine whitefly: A moderate infestation was found at a business in Ft. Pierce (St. Lucie County; E98-2936; Kenneth L. Hibbard; 21 August 1998). NEW DPI STATE RECORD.
-- Slight infestations were found at the St. Lucie County Master Gardener facility and private residences in Ft. Pierce (St. Lucie County; E98-4246, 4250, 4253; Kenneth L. Hibbard; 3-4 December 1998).
Phoenix canariensis (Canary Island date palm)-- Rhynchophorus cruentatus (Fabricius), a weevil: A severe infestation involved four plants at a nursery in Bunnell (Flagler County; E98-4287; Yolanda I. Inguanzo; 9 December 1998).
Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)-- Phoenicococcus marlatti (Cockerell), red date scale: A slight infestation was found on 20 plants at a nursery in Lake Buena Vista (Orange County; E98-4332; Tracy L. Wright; 14 December 1998). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
---Solenopsis invicta Buren, imported fire ants: A colony was found on root ball of a balled and burlapped plant from California in Delray Beach (Palm Beach County; E98-4111; Laura L. Ooms; 18 November 1998).
Pittosporum tobira 'Variegata' (variegated pittosporum)-- Brevipalpus californicus (Banks), false spider mite: A severe infestation involved 1% of 2,000 plants at a nursery in Naples (Collier County; E98-4141; Alan R. Haynes; 18 November 1998).
-- Hemiberlesia diffinis (Newstead), diffinis scale: A moderate infestation was found at a nursery in Riverview (Hillsborough County; E98-3798; Stacy A. Tyrala; 26 October 1998). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
Ravenea rivularis (majesty palm)-- Rhizoecus hibisci Kawai & Takagi, a root mealybug: Infestations involved 25,000 - 150,000 plants in nurseries in Delray beach (Palm Beach County; E98-3782; Laura L. Ooms; 23 October 1998);
-- in Lake Worth (Palm Beach County; E98-3913, 3914; Miguel J. Perales and Thomas L. Salisbury; 4 November 1998); and,
--an infestation involved 10,000 plants in Goulds (Dade County; E98-4283; Terrance D. Williams; 4 December 1998).
ORNAMENTALS, FOLIAGE PLANTS: Acalypha wilkesiana (copperleaf)-- Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, marginal mealybug: A severe infestation on two plants was found at a residence in Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County; E98-3222; Dr. Forrest W. 'Bill' Howard, University of Florida's Ft. Lauderdale Research & Extension Center; 6 September 1998).
Alternanthera ficoidea (Joseph's coat, Jacob's coat)-- Hypogeococcus pungens Granara de Willink, a mealybug: A severe infestation was found on four plants at a nursery in Largo (Pinellas County; E98-3653; David M. Mooney; 16 October 1998).
--Conotrachelus parvulus Champion, a weevil: A severe infestation was found on ten plants at a nursery in Lake Buena Vista (Orange County; E98-3736; Barbara J. Wilder; 23 October 1998).
Panax sp. (ginseng)-- Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, a mealybug: A moderate infestation was found at a residence in Cocoa Beach (Brevard County; E98-4139; David H. Faneuf; 18 November 1998). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Tillandsia flexuosa (twisted airplant)-- Metamasius callizona (Chevrolat), a weevil: A moderate to severe infestation was found at a residence in Valkaria (Brevard County; E98-4097; David H. Faneuf and Kenneth L. Hibbard; 17 November 1998). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FLOWERING PLANTS: Clerodendrum paniculatum (pagoda flower)-- Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, marginal mealybug: A severe infestation involved five plants at a residence in Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County; E98-3223; Dr. Forrest W. 'Bill' Howard, University of Florida's Ft. Lauderdale Research & Extension Center; 6 September 1998).
Hamelia cuprea (Bahamian flame bush, ponasi)-- Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, marginal mealybug: A slight to moderate infestation was found at a nursery in Bradenton (Manatee County; E98-3006; Mark L. Runnals; 24 August 1998).
Helianthus annuus (sunflower)-- Planococcus citri (Risso), citrus mealybug: A severe infestation was found at a discount store in Sebastian (Indian River County; E98-3208; Richard H. 'Dick' Stoll; 10 September 1998).
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibiscus, China-rose)-- Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, marginal mealybug: A severe infestation was found on a plant at a residence in Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County; E98-3224; Dr. Forrest W. 'Bill' Howard, University of Florida's Ft. Lauderdale Research & Extension Center; 6 September 1998).
--A severe infestation involved 20 of 50 plants at a nursery in Delray Beach (Palm Beach County; E98-3818; Laura L. Ooms; 30 October 1998).
Hibiscus sp. (a hibiscus)-- Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, marginal mealybug: A severe infestation was found at a nursery in Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County; E98-3135; William A. 'Bill' Thiel; 3 September 1998).
--A severe infestation on two plants was found at a nursery in Brandon (Hillsborough County; E98-4107; Stacy A. Tyrala; 17 November 1998). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Ixora sp. (ixora)-- Aleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi), jasmine whitefly: An infestation was found at a residence in Ruskin (Hillsborough County; E98-4073; David J. Schuster, University of Florida's Gulf Coast Research and Extension Center; 17 November 1998).
Jatropha sp. (a jatropha)-- Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, marginal mealybug: A severe infestation was found at a residence in Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County; E98-4072; William A. 'Bill' Thiel; 16 November 1998).
Salvia sp. (a salvia)-- Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, a mealybug: A severe infestation was found at a residence in Gotha (Orange County; E98-3733; Barbara 'Barbie' J. Wilder; 23 October 1998).
Rhododendron sp. (an azalea)-- Oudemansicheyla denmarki (Yunker), a predaceous mite: A specimen was found in Ponte Verde Beach (St. John's County; E98-3816; Sharon Taylor, homeowner; 28 October 1998).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES: Acer rubrum (red maple, a native species)-- Oligonychus aceris (Shimer), a tetranychid mite: An infestation was found at a nursery in Groveland (Lake County; E98-2288; a nursery employee; July 1988). This mite can be a serious pest of maples (Dr. W.C. 'Cal' Welbourn).
Pinus elliottii (slash pine, a native species)-- Hylobius aliradicis Warner, a weevil: A localized but severe infestation of the usually rare weevil was found in Lake Butler (Union County; E98-4380; Dr. James R. Meeker, Division of Forestry; 10 December 1998).
Pinus taeda (loblolly pine, an improved cultivar of a native species)-- Toumeyella parvicornis (Cockerell), pine tortoise scale: A moderate infestation was found at a nursery in Brandon (Hillsborough County; E98-3917; Stacy A. Tyrala; 6 November 1998).
Terminalia catappa (tropical almond)-- Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard), a thrips: A severe infestation was found at a residence in Homestead (Dade County; E98-3159; Edward T. Putland; 3 September 1998).
Ulmus parvifolia (Chinese elm)-- Tinocallis ulmiparvifoliae Matsumura, an Asian elm aphid: A slight infestation involved half of 6,000 plants at a nursery in Leesburg (Lake County; E98-4099; Stephen B. Beidler; 17 November 1998);
--An infestation was found at a residence in Gotha (Orange County; E98-4218; Barbara J. Wilder; 25 November 1998). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
--An infestation was found at a nursery in Deland (Volusia County; E98-4325; Stacey S. Simmons; 10 December 1998). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
FOOD OR CROP PLANTS: Allium sp. (green onion)-- Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), pea leafminer: Infested produce was intercepted in Jacksonville (Duval County; E98-3418; Flewellyn W. Podris; 25 September 1998);
--infested produce intercepted in Palmetto (Manatee County; E98-3939; Mark L. Runnals and K. Lee Etchells; 10 November 1998; and E98-4023; Mark L. Runnals and L. Wayne Clifton; 13 November 1998);
--infested produce intercepted in Pompano Beach (Brevard County; E98-3954; Laura L. Ooms; 12 November 1998).
This pest does not occur naturally in Florida (Dr. Gary J. Steck).
Capsicum annuum jalapeño cultivar (a hot pepper)-- Aleurodicus dugesii Cockerell, giant whitefly: A severe infestation was found at a residence in Apopka (Seminole County; E98-4171; Amanda D. Mattison; 20 November 1998).
Carica papaya (papaya)-- Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, marginal mealybug: An infestation was found in Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County; E98-2964; Dr. Forrest W. 'Bill' Howard, University of Florida's Ft. Lauderdale Research & Extension Center; 29 July 1998).
Solanum melongena (eggplant)-- Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel & Miller, Jack Beardsley mealybug: A slight infestation was found on fruit from Homestead (Dade County E98-3022; M. 'Janie' Echols and Joseph S. Beckwith; 26 August 1998) confiscated at the I-10 road guard station.
Zea mays (corn)-- Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), beet armyworm: A moderate infestation on 3.7 acres was found in Miami (Dade County; E98-3872; Edward T. Putland; 3 November 1998).
CITRUS: X Citrofortunella microcarpa (calamondin)-- Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy, brown citrus aphid: An infestation was found at a residence in Silver Springs Shores (Marion County; E98-3803; Floyd J. McHenry; 13 October 1998). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)-- Spodoptera sp., an armyworm: A slight infestation on 10% of 21,000 plants was found at a nursery in LaBelle (Hendry County; E98-3712; Scott D. Krueger; 22 October 1998).
-- Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy, brown citrus aphid: An infestation was found in a tree along a highway near Satsuma (Putnam County; E98-3983; Yolanda I. Inguanzo; 10 November 1998). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Citrus x nobilis 'Murcott' (a king mandarin cultivar)-- Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), California red scale: An infestation was found in a citrus grove in Hendry County (E98-3859; George Walker, citrus grower; 4 November 1998). Infestations were reported by several growers in Hendry, Collier and Charlotte Counties (Dr. Philip A. Stansly, University of Florida's Southwest Florida Research and Extension Center).
Poncirus trifoliata (trifoliate orange)-- Aculops pelekassi (Keifer), an eriophyid mite, and Panonychus citri (Keifer): A slight infestation was found on about 200 plants near Cottondale (Jackson County; E98-4041; Larry W. Smith; 10 November 1998).
The following citrus relatives were found infested with Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy, brown citrus aphid. All collections were made by Dr. Peggy J. Sieburth at the Florida Citrus Arboretum, FDACS/DPI, Winter Haven (Polk County; 6 November 1998) and all are NEW DPI HOST RECORDS.
--Aegle marmelos (Indian bael fruit, E98-3969);
--Afraegle paniculata (Nigerian powder flask, E98-3948);
--Citropsis gilletiana (Gillet's cherry orange, E98-3953);
--Citrus amblycarpa (nasnaran mandarin, E98-3971);
--Citrus aurantium hybrid (Miaray sour orange, E98-3966);
--Citrus bergamia (Bergamot orange, E98-3943);
--Citrus celebica hybrid (alemow papeda, E98-3956);
--Citrus depressa (Shekwasha mandarin, E98-3976);
--Citrus ichangensis hybrid (Yuzu papeda, E98-3965);
--Citrus ichangensis (Ichang lemon, E98-3964);
--Citrus limon x Fortunella margarita (lemonquat, E98-3978);
--Citrus tachibana (Kinokuni mandarin, E98-3962);
--Citrus sinensis hybrid involving C. tamurana (hyuganatsu grapefruit, E98-3979);
--Citrus macroptera (Melanesian papeda, E98-3968);
--Fortunella crassifolia 'Meiwa' (hybrid oval kumquat, E98-3975);
--Fortunella hindsii (Hong Kong kumquat, E98-3949);
--Fortunella japonica 'Marumi' (round kumquat, E98-3952);
--Fortunella hybrid (Sinton citrangequat, E98-3970);
--Hesperethusa crenulata (hesperethusa, E98-3973);
--Microcitrus australis (Australian round-lime, E98-3950);
--Microcitrus australasica hybrid (Faustrimedin hybrid; Australian finger-lime x
calamondin, E98-3957);
--Microcitrus papuana (New Guinea desert lime, E98-3958);
--X Microcitrus hybrid 'Sidney' (seedless microcitrus, E98-3951);
--Pamburus missionis (pamburas, E98-3961);
--Poncirus trifoliata hybrid (Benton citrange, E98-3967);
--Poncirus trifoliata x Citrus (rush orange, E98-3981);
--Severinia buxifolia (Chinese box orange, E98-3944;
--Severinia disticha (Philippine box orange, E98-3947);
--Severinia sp. (box orange, E98-3960).
NATIVE AND NATURALIZED PLANTS: Cocoloba uvifera (seagrape, protected by miscellaneous rule)-- Crenidorsum sp., a whitefly: A severe infestation was discovered at a nursery in Parrish (Manatee County; E98-3415; Mark L. Runnals; 29 September 1998).
This is possibly an undescribed species (Dr. Avas B. Hamon).
Eugenia confusa (redberry stopper, Florida endangered species)-- Chilocampyla dyariella Busch, a moth: A moderate infestation was discovered at a residence in Miami (Dade County; E98-3457; Julieta Brambila, University of Florida's Tropical Research & Education Center; May & June 1997). NEW DPI HOST RECORD.
This is the only species from E. confusa so far recorded (Dr. John B. Heppner).
Hypericum brachyphyllum (coastalplain St. John's wort)-- Aonidomytilus crookiae (Ferris), crookea scale: An infestation involved 5% of 500 plants at a nursery in Melrose (Putnam County; E98-4124; Yolanda I. Inguanzo; 20 November 1998). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Setaria magna (giant bristle grass, a native species)-- Aspidiella sacchari (Cockerell), sugarcane scale: A moderate infestation was discovered at a fruit fly detection site near Homestead (Dade County; E98-3773; Lynn D. Howerton; 28 October 1998).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS: Chrysoperla near carnea (Stephens), green lacewing larva, and Coelophora inaequalis (Fabricius), a ladybug: Specimens were found associated with a severe infestation of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Asian citrus psyllid) on a grapefruit tree at a residence in Pompano Beach (Broward County, E98-3842, 3843; Laura L. Ooms; 29 October 1998).
Tetragnatha sp., a spider: A specimen was found associated with a colony of the recently introduced Tinocallis ulmiparvifoliae Matsumura (an Asian elm aphid) on a Chinese elm at a residence in Gotha (Orange County; E98-4230; Barbara J. Wilder; 25 November 1998).
INSECTS OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY IMPORTANCE: Eriophora ravilla (C.L. Koch), a tropical orb weaver: A specimen was found in Lakeland (Polk County; E98-3655; submitted by University of Florida Entomology Department; 7 October 1998). A patient with weakness in shoulder muscles may have been bitten by the spider.
Macrocheles sp., a mite: Populations were found in earthworm beds in Cocoa (Brevard County; E98-3420; Douglas H. Kutz, University of Florida Extension; 25 August 1998).
The mites are predators of other mites and insect eggs. They are probably not pests of earthworms (Dr. W.C. 'Cal' Welbourn).
FEDERAL/STATE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS: Limonium sinuatum (statice)-- Helix aspersa Müller, brown garden snail: Specimens on a shipment from California were intercepted in Tampa (Hillsborough County; E98-3465; James R. Martin; 6 October 1998).
APIARY PESTS: Aethina tumida Murray, small hive beetle: Infestations on Apis mellifera (honey bee) were found in Jacksonville (Duval County; E98-3946; Tomas Mozer; 9 November 1998). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
-- Infestations on Apis mellifera (honey bee) were found in Deland (Volusia County; E98-3676; M. Cecil Morgan; 15 October 1998). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
INSECT DETECTION: Metacanthus tenellus Stål, a stilt bug: A specimen was found in a sweep sample near a citrus grove in Polk County (E98-4188; Martha A. 'Ginger' Simpson, USDA/APHIS, Winter Haven; 19 November 1998). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Tinocallis ulmiparvifoliae Matsumura, an Asian elm aphid: A specimen was found in a suction trap in Winter Haven (Polk County; E98-4197; Michael C. Kesinger and Dr. Susan E. Halbert; 13-20 November 1998). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
Shivaphis celti Das, an Asian woolly hackberry aphid: Specimens were collected in suction traps in Fort Pierce (St. Lucie County; E98-3841; Dr. Robert C. Bullock, University of Florida's Indian River Research & Extension Center, Ft. Pierce, and Dr. Susan E. Halbert; 23-30 October 1998). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
--Specimens were collected in suction traps in Immokalee (Collier County; E98-4229; Dr. Philip A. Stansly, University of Florida's Southwest Florida Research & Extension Center, and Dr. Susan E. Halbert; 20-25 November 1998). NEW DPI COUNTY RECORD.
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NEMATOLOGY SECTION
Compiled by Paul S. Lehman, Ph.D.
A total of 3,635 samples were processed in November and December. Details are shown below:
Certification and Regulatory Samples:
Multi-state Certification for National and International Export 2,231
California Certification 721
Burrowing Nematode 126
Pre-movement 196
Site or Pit Approval 55
Other Samples:
Plant Problem 75
Out of state survey, via
Florida Interceptions 12
Intrastate Survey, Random 219
NEMATODES NEW TO FLORIDA (July-December 1998):
The following list summarizes the nematodes which are reported as new to Florida from July 1 to December 31, 1998. All the plants listed are those that were sampled, but were not verified as hosts. This list is based on DPI records, and the nomenclature principally follows these sources: Catalog of the Tylenchida, B.A. Ebsary, 1991; and Aphelenchida, Longidoridae and Trichodoridae, D. J. Hunt, 1993.
Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge bluestem, a native grass)--Gracilacus costata Raski, 1976, pin nematode (Alachua County; N98-01106; Christine A. Zamora and Dr. Robert P. Esser; 10 November 1998).
Agalinis fasciculata (beach false-foxglove, a native species)--Criconema dorgeski (Dakar & Kahn, 1981) Raski & Luc, 1984, a spine nematode (Alachua County; N98-01105; Christine A. Zamora and Dr. Robert P. Esser; 10 November 1998).
Baccharis halimifolia (saltbush, groundsel tree, a native shrub)-Mesocriconema crenatum (Loof, 1964) Andrassy, 1965, a ring nematode (Alachua County; N98-00876; Dr. Robert P. Esser; 6 October 1998).
Carya glabra (pignut hickory, a native tree)-Criconema shepherdae (Jairajpuri & Southey, 1984) Raski & Luc, 1987, a spine nematode (Alachua County; N98-00809; Dr. Robert P. Esser; 28 August 1998).
Elephantopus carolinianus (Carolina elephantsfoot, a native species)--Hemicycliophora iranica Loof, 1984, a sheath nematode (Alachua County; N98-01038; Christine A. Zamora and Dr. Robert P. Esser; 10 November 1998).
--Ogma hungaricum (Andrassy, 1962) Siddiqi, 1985, a spine nematode (Alachua County; N98-01038; Christine A. Zamora and Dr. Robert P. Esser; 10 November 1998).
Litchi chinensis (lychee)--Xiphinema insigne Loos, 1949, a dagger nematode (Lee County; N98-01216; Stephen Polydoroff, 17 November 1998).
Mollugo verticillata (Indian chickweed, an exotic weed)--Criconemella pelerentsi Sakwwe & Geraert, 1991, a ring nematode (Alachua County; N98-00702; Dr. Robert P. Esser; 24 July 1998).
Oplismenus hirtellus (syn: O. setarius; woodsgrass, basketgrass, a native grass)-Criconemoides featherensis Al Banna & Gardner, 1993, a ring nematode (Alachua County; N98-01077; Christine A. Zamora and Dr. Robert P. Esser; 6 November 1998).
Paspalum urvillei (vaseygrass, an exotic grass)-Trichodorus minzi Dewaele & Cohn, 1992, a stubby-root nematode (Alachua County; Christine A. Zamora and Dr. Robert P. Esser; N98-01300; 12 December 1998).
--Hemicycliophora spinituberculata Loof, 1984, a sheath nematode (Alachua County; Christine A. Zamora and Dr. Robert P. Esser; N98-01300; 12 December 1998).
Quercus michauxii (swamp chestnut oak, a native tree)-Gracilacus oostenbrinki (Misra & Edward, 1971) Raski, 1976, a pin nematode (Alachua County; Dr. Robert P. Esser and Gay M. Fortier; N98-0166; 04 March 1998).
Tilia americana (basswood, a native tree)-Hemicycliophora iwia Brzeski, 1974, a sheath nematode (Alachua County; Dr. Robert P. Esser, N98-00871; 30 September 1998).
Verbesina virginica (frostweed, white crownbeard, a native species)--Helicotylenchus tropicus Roman, 1965, a spiral nematode (Alachua County; Christine A. Zamora and Dr. Robert P. Esser; N98-01040; 10 November 1998).
--Helicotylenchus apiculus Roman, 1965, a spiral nematode. (Alachua County; Christine A. Zamora and Dr. Robert P. Esser; N98-01181; 17 November 1998).
COLLECTORS SUBMITTING FIVE OR MORE SAMPLES THAT WERE PROCESSED FOR NEMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS DURING NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER 1998:
Brown, Gregory A. 9
Dees, Carrie S. 127
Echols, M. 'Janie' 68
Estok, Theresa R.. 5
Foe, Sheila J. 237
Fuller, Samuel A. 44
Harris, James K. .50
LeBoutillier, Karen W. 237
Qiao, Ping . 299
Robinson, William L. 'Robbie' 169
Salisbury, Thomas L 115
Smith, W. Wayne 152
Wigelsworth, Jimmie R. 49
Wilder, Barbara J. 'Barbie'. 6
PLANT PATHOLOGY
Compiled by John W. Miller, Ph.D.
For this period, the Plant Pathology Section received and processed 5,713 specimens. These included 660 pathology, 28 miscellaneous, 25 soil, 4,976 suspected canker samples in Dade County, 23 suspect canker samples in Manatee County, and one suspect canker sample from Collier County.
ORNAMENTALS, WOODY PLANTS AND PALMS: Chamaerops humilis (European fan palm)-- Cylindrocladium floridanum Sobers & C.P. Seymour, tuber rot: Collected at a dooryard in Gainesville (Alachua County; P98-3023; Robert M. Leahy; 1 November 1998). NEW HOST RECORD.
Cycas revoluta (king sago)-- Cylindrocladium floridanum Sobers & C.P. Seymour, tuber rot: Collected at a nursery in Deland (Volusia County; P98-2736; Gerald Anderson; 16 November 1998). NEW HOST RECORD.
Eucalyptus cinerea (silver dollar tree)-- Tubakia dryina (Sacc.) Sutton, leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Osteen (Volusia County; P98-2606; Stacey S. Simmons; 2 November 1998). NEW HOST RECORD.
Galphimia glauca (shower-of-gold, thryallis)-- Septoria sp., leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Osteen (Volusia County; P98-2605; Stacey S. Simmons; 2 November 1998). NEW HOST RECORD.
Loropetalum chinensis (Chinese fringe-shrub)-- Phomopsis sp., a leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Deland (Volusia County; P98-3087; Stacey S. Simmons; 10 December 1998). NEW HOST RECORD.
--Pseudocercospora sp., a leaf spot: [as above, P98-3087] NEW HOST RECORD.
--Collectotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc., a leaf spot: [as above, P98-3087] NEW HOST RECORD.
-- Pestalotiopsis sp., leaf spot:[as above, P98-3087] NEW HOST RECORD.
Phoenix sp. (a date palm)-- Serenomyces shearii Petrak, petiole blight: Collected at a dooryard in Gainesville (Alachua County; P98-3191; Robert M. Leahy; 24 December 1998). NEW HOST RECORD.
Ravenea rivularis (majesty palm)-- Phaeotrichoconis crotalariae (Salam & Rao) Subram., leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County; P98-2562; Maria S. Quintanilla; 23 October 1998). NEW HOST RECORD.
ORNAMENTALS, FLOWERING PLANTS: Aechmea 'Morgana' (a bromeliad cultivar)-- Pythium myriotylum Drechsler, crown rot: Collected at a nursery in Apopka (Orange County; P98-2991; Brian Cox and Leslie J. Wilber; 24 November 1998). NEW HOST RECORD.
Dyschoriste sp. (a twin flower)-- Pseudocercospora sp., a leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Micanopy (Alachua County; P98-2594; Theresa R. Estok; 3 November 1998). NEW HOST RECORD.
Paphiopedilum sp. (a lady slipper orchid)-- Coniothyrium sp., a leaf spot: Collected at a nursery in Apopka (Orange County; P98-2684; Amanda D. Mattison and Anthony N. Capitano; 10 November 1998). NEW HOST RECORD.
--Phoma sp., a leaf spot: [as above, P98-2684]. NEW HOST RECORD.
FOOD OR CROP PLANTS: Musa 'Rajapuri' (banana cultivar)-- Paracercospora fijiensis (Morelet) Deighton, a leaf spot: Collected at a dooryard in Homestead (Dade County; P98-3119; Dr. Randy C. Ploetz, University of Florida's Tropical Research and Education Center; 10 December 1998). NEW CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES RECORD.
-- Cordana musae (A. Zimmerm.) Höhn., leaf spot: [as above, P98-3119]. NEW STATE RECORD.
Rubus idaeus 'Dorman Red' (raspberry cultivar)-- Phytophthora citrophthora (R. E. Smith & E. H. Smith) Leonian, root rot: Collected at a nursery in Alachua (Alachua County; P98-2941; Debbie Gaw, nursery owner; 23 November 1998). NEW HOST RECORD.
WEEDS AND GRASSES: Imperata cylindrica (cogongrass, Noxious Weed, Rule 5B-57)--Bipolaris sp., leaf spot: Collected along Mission Road, 0.25 mi north of Interstate-10 (Leon County; P98-2962; Dr. Marc C. Minno, St. Johns River Water Management District, and Maria Minno; 28 November 1998). NEW HOST RECORD.
--Colletotrichum caudatum (Sacc.) Peck, leaf spot: Collected on roadside of US 41 1.3 miles S of SR 476 (Hernando County; P98-2979; Dr. Marc C. Minno, St. Johns River Water Management District, and Maria Minno; 1 December 1998). NEW HOST RECORD.
--Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, a leaf spot: Collected on a road side (Orange County; P98-2502; Dr. Marc C. Minno, St. Johns River Water Management District, and Maria Minno; 20 October 1998). NEW HOST RECORD.
-- Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.: Fr., crown rot: Collected on roadside of US 27, 3.5 miles W of Columbia County line (Suwannee County; P98-2502; Dr. Marc C. Minno, St. Johns River Water Management District, and Maria Minno; 28 November 1998). NEW HOST RECORD.
--Nigrospora sphaerica (Speg.) Mason, a leaf spot: [as above, P98-2502]. NEW HOST RECORD.
-- Paraphaeosphaeria michotii (Westendorf) O. Erikssen, a leaf spot: [as above, P98-2502]. NEW STATE RECORD.
Miscanthus sp. (eulalia grass)-- Leptosphaeria sp., leaf blight: Collected at a nursery in Jacksonville (Duval County; P98-3072; Flewellyn W. Podris; 8 December 1998). NEW STATE RECORD.
--Stagonospora sp. [as above, P98-3072]. NEW STATE RECORD.
Pennisetum purpureum (napier grass, listed by Exotic Pest Plant Council)-- Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc., leaf spot: Collected at a natural area in Gainesville (Alachua County; P98-2791; Dr. Robert P. Esser and Christine A. Zamora; 19 November 1998). NEW HOST RECORD.
Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallow, Noxious Weed, Rule 5B-57)-- Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) C. T. Wei, (leaf spot): Collected in the woods north of Blues Creek in Gainesville (Alachua County; P98-3004; Dr. Timothy S. Schubert; 27 November 1998). NEW HOST RECORD.
OTHER DETECTIONS OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Salix babylonica (weeping willow)-- Fusarium decemcellulare C. Brick, (stem gall): Collected at a nursery in Groveland (Lake County; P98-2508; W. Wayne Smith; 23 October 1998). NEW HOST RECORD.
